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How skilful are Nowcasting Satellite Applications Facility products for tropical Africa?
Meteorological Applications ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1002/met.1966
Peter G. Hill 1 , Thorwald H.M. Stein 1 , Alexander J. Roberts 2, 3 , Jennifer K. Fletcher 2, 3 , John H. Marsham 2, 3 , James Groves 3
Affiliation  

Satellite nowcasting potentially provides a vital opportunity to mitigate against the risks of severe weather in tropical Africa, where population growth and climate change are exposing an ever growing number of people to weather hazards. Numerical weather prediction demonstrates limited skill for much of Africa and weather radars are rare. However, geostationary satellites provide excellent spatial and temporal coverage of the often long‐lasting convective storms that deliver heavy rain, lightning and strong winds, presenting a valuable opportunity for satellite nowcasting. Here, we evaluate the skill of satellite nowcasting products for tropical Africa: these products are routinely generated, but to our best knowledge never routinely used in tropical Africa before the Global Challenges Research Fund African SWIFT (Science for Weather Information and Forecasting Techniques) project. Focusing in particular on convective rainfall rate (CRR) and rapidly developing thunderstorm convection warning (RDT‐CW) products, we demonstrate that both are useful nowcasting tools. The CRR product produces very different rainfall climatologies for day and night in tropical Africa. This is associated with greater skill of the product during daytime, particularly for heavier rain rates. The RDT‐CW product is able to identify around 60% of heavy (>5 mm·hr−1) rainfall events with the fraction detected increasing with increasing rainfall rate. For both products, extrapolation forwards in time (up to 90 and 60 min, respectively) maintains useful skill in tropical Africa, motivating work to develop longer lead‐time nowcasts. We conclude that widespread uptake of satellite nowcasting could provide new skilful weather predictions on short time‐scales in much of tropical Africa.

中文翻译:

面向热带非洲的临近预报卫星应用设施产品的技术如何?

卫星临近预报可能为减轻热带非洲恶劣天气的风险提供了重要机会,那里的人口增长和气候变化使越来越多的人面临天气灾害。数值天气预报表明非洲大部分地区的技能有限,天气雷达也很少见。然而,地球静止卫星提供了对通常持续时间较长的对流风暴的出色时空覆盖,这些风暴带来大雨、闪电和强风,为卫星临近预报提供了宝贵的机会。在这里,我们评估了热带非洲卫星临近预报产品的技能:这些产品是常规生成的,但据我们所知,在全球挑战研究基金非洲 SWIFT(天气信息和预测技术科学)项目之前从未在热带非洲经常使用。特别关注对流降雨率 (CRR) 和快速发展的雷暴对流预警 (RDT-CW) 产品,我们证明两者都是有用的临近预报工具。CRR 产品在热带非洲产生了非常不同的昼夜降雨气候。这与白天产品的更高技能有关,特别是对于大雨率。RDT-CW 产品能够识别大约 60% 的强 (>5 mm·hr-1) 降雨事件,检测到的比例随着降雨率的增加而增加。对于这两种产品,外推及时(最多 90 和 60 分钟,分别)在热带非洲保持有用的技能,推动工作以开发更长的提前期临近预报。我们得出的结论是,卫星临近预报的广泛采用可以在热带非洲的大部分地区提供短时间尺度上新的熟练天气预报。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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