Compressional and extensional tectonics following northward plate convergences since the Miocene have formed the major surface features in Turkey, such as faulting and orogeny. Despite increasing efforts in last few decades aiming to elucidate the current architecture of the crust and mantle beneath Turkey, several issues regarding the depth extent of the deformation zones, crust‐mantle interaction (e.g., coupling and decoupling) in relation to the deformation, and stress transmission in the lithosphere remain elusive. Here we present high‐resolution 3‐D P wave isotropic and azimuthal anisotropic velocity models of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath Turkey by inverting 204,531 P wave arrival times of 8,103 local crustal earthquakes. Our results reveal low‐velocity anomalies or velocity contrasts down to the uppermost mantle along the North and East Anatolian Fault Zones. The fast velocity directions (FVDs) of azimuthal anisotropy in the lower crust and uppermost mantle are parallel to the regional maximum extensional directions in western Turkey, and the FVDs in the crust and uppermost mantle are parallel to the surface structures in southeastern Turkey. These results indicate that vertically coherent deformation between the crust and uppermost mantle occurs in western and southeastern Turkey. However, in central northern Turkey, the FVDs in the uppermost mantle are oblique to both the FVDs in the lower crust and the maximum shear directions derived from GPS measurements, suggesting that the crust and lithospheric mantle are decoupled there.

中文翻译：

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土耳其之下地壳和最上层地幔的各向同性和各向异性P波速度结构

自中新世以来，中新世形成了土耳其的主要地表特征，例如断层和造山作用，之后是北板块收敛之后的压缩和伸展构造。尽管在过去的几十年中为阐明当前土耳其下的地壳和地幔结构付出了更多的努力，但有关变形区的深度范围，地壳-地幔相互作用（例如，耦合和去耦）与变形有关的一些问题以及岩石圈中的应力传递仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们通过反转204,531 P展示了土耳其下方地壳和最上层地幔的高分辨率3D P各向同性和方位各向异性速度模型8103次当地地壳地震的波到达时间。我们的结果表明，低速异常或速度反差一直到安纳托利亚北部和东部断裂带的最上层地幔。下地壳和最上地幔的方位各向异性的快速速度方向（FVDs）与土耳其西部的区域最大伸展方向平行，而地壳和最上地幔的FVDs与土耳其东南部的表面结构平行。这些结果表明，在土耳其西部和东南部，地壳和最上层地幔之间发生了垂直连贯的变形。但是，在土耳其中北部，上地幔的FVD倾斜于下地壳的FVD和GPS测量得出的最大剪切方向，