Carbon aerogels with a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous network could be promising carbon-based materials for electrochemical energy storage systems because of their rapid electron/ion transport, remarkable physicochemical stability and excellent cycling performance. They have also been used to host electrochemical active materials (transition metal oxides/sulfides/phosphides) in pores to improve the electron conductivity and to buffer large volume changes. In this review, recent advances in their synthesis, functionalization/modification and use in alkali-metal ion batteries, either alone or as composites, are summarized. The challenges for future research on carbon aerogels are discussed and development opportunities are proposed.

具有三维（3D）分层多孔网络的碳气凝胶，由于其快速的电子/离子传输，显着的理化稳定性和出色的循环性能，可能成为有前途的碳基材料，可用于电化学储能系统。它们也已用于在孔中容纳电化学活性材料（过渡金属氧化物/硫化物/磷化物），以改善电子电导率并缓冲大体积变化。在这篇综述中，总结了它们的合成，功能化/修饰以及在碱金属离子电池中单独使用或作为复合材料使用的最新进展。讨论了碳气凝胶未来研究的挑战，并提出了发展机会。