We aimed to evaluate if exotic ectomycorrhizal fungi from exotic pine plantations disperse through non-native, but also native, mammals in a mountain ecosystem devoid of native ECM plants. Among four non-native and three native mammal species, feces of non-native wild boar (Sus scrofa) and brown hare (Lepus europaeus), and native pampa fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) were selected to inoculate seedlings of Pinus elliottii. These feces came from two transects in an elevation gradient (1350–2250 m asl) and different distances from a pine plantation (100–6000 m). We show that feces of wild boar, brown hare (non-native), and pampa fox (native) were effective as inoculum for establishing ectomycorrhizal pine seedlings. Through molecular analyses, we determined that two species are mostly consumed and successfully form ectomycorrhizas with pine roots: Suillus granulatus and Rhizopogon pseudoroseolus. We provide novel evidence for the long-distance dispersal of exotic ectomycorrhizal fungi by non-native and native animal vectors.

我们的目的是评估在没有天然ECM植物的山区生态系统中，来自外来松树人工林的外来根外生菌根真菌是否会通过非本地但也是本地的哺乳动物扩散。在四个非天然和三种天然哺乳动物物种，非天然野猪（粪便野猪）和棕色野兔（天兔座europaeus），和天然草原狐（Lycalopex gymnocercus）被选定的接种幼苗湿地松。这些粪便来自两个样带，高度梯度（1350–2250 m asl），与松树种植园的距离不同（100–6000 m）。我们显示野猪，棕色野兔（非本地）和南美大草原狐狸（本地）的粪便作为建立外生菌根松树苗的接种物是有效的。通过分子分析，我们确定两个物种被消耗最多，并成功地形成了具有松根的根外菌根：Suillus granulatus和Rhizopogon pseudoroseolus。我们为外源性外生菌根真菌通过非本地和本地动物载体的远距离扩散提供了新的证据。