Thyroid tumor and thyroid goiter are prevalent disease around the world. In this case-control study, we investigated the association between exposure to a total of twelve mineral elements and thyroid disease as well as thyroid functions. Participants with thyroid tumor or goiter (N = 197) were matched with a healthy population (N = 197) by age (± 2 years old) and same sex. Questionnaires were used to collect data about the demographic characteristics and information of subjects. Serum and urine samples were collected simultaneously for each of the subjects. Mineral elements, iodine level of urine and levels of the total seven thyroid function indexes in serum were detected respectively. Conditional logistic regression was applied to estimate the associations between mineral elements and the risk of thyroid tumor and goiter through single-element models and multiple-element models. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate relationships between mineral elements and percentage changes of thyroid functions. Higher concentrations of mineral elements in the recruited population were found in this study than other comparable studies, and the levels of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se), antimony (Sb), thallium (Tl) and lead (Pb) in the case group were lower than the control group. According to the single-element models, Cr, Mn, Ni, Sb and Tl showed significant negative associations with the risk of thyroid tumor and goiter, and, Cd showed nonmonotonic dose response. Cd and mercury (Hg) showed a nonmonotonic percentage change with T4, while Tl was associated with the increased FT4 in the control group. Therefore, Cd, Hg and Tl may disturb the balance of thyroid function to some extent, and Cr, Mn, Ni, Cd, Sb, and Tl may become potential influencing factors for the risk of thyroid tumor and goiter.

甲状腺肿瘤和甲状腺甲状腺肿是全世界流行的疾病。在这个病例对照研究中，我们调查了总共暴露于十二种矿物质元素与甲状腺疾病以及甲状腺功能之间的关系。年龄（±2岁）和同性别的甲状腺肿瘤或甲状腺肿（N = 197）参与者与健康人群（N = 197）匹配。问卷用于收集有关人口统计学特征和受试者信息的数据。同时为每个受试者收集血清和尿液样本。分别检测血清中的矿物质元素，尿中碘含量和总的七个甲状腺功能指标。通过单因素模型和多因素模型，采用条件对数回归来估算矿物质元素与甲状腺肿瘤和甲状腺肿风险之间的关联。多元线性回归用于评估矿物质元素与甲状腺功能百分比变化之间的关系。与其他同类研究相比，本研究发现被招募人群中的矿物质元素浓度更高，铬（Cr），锰（Mn），镍（Ni），砷（As），镉（Cd），硒（病例组的硒，锑（Sb），th（Tl）和铅（Pb）均低于对照组。根据单元素模型，Cr，Mn，Ni，Sb和Tl与甲状腺肿瘤和甲状腺肿风险呈显着负相关，而Cd显示非单调剂量反应。镉和汞（Hg）随T4显示非单调百分比变化，而T1与对照组中FT4升高相关。因此，Cd，Hg和Tl可能在某种程度上干扰甲状腺功能的平衡，而Cr，Mn，Ni，Cd，Sb和Tl可能成为影响甲状腺肿瘤和甲状腺肿风险的潜在影响因素。