Abstract A goal of extreme fast charging less than 15 min recharge time while maintaining high energy density has been pursued to meet fast-charging and high-energy-density demand on lithium ion batteries used in electric vehicles, which is still a challenge. Here, in order to realize the goal vertical graphene sheets are grown on surface of graphite by thermal chemical vapor deposition. The vertical graphene sheets not only can greatly boost lithium-ion transport rate due to its intrinsically high electrical conductivity but also can significantly reduce tortuosity of lithium ion transport due to its highly preferential lithium-ion insertion paths. In half cells, the vertical graphene sheets/graphite can endure 3000 cycles in 3 min of charge time per cycle. More remarkably, a full cell with vertical graphene sheets/graphite anode and LiFePO4 cathode exhibits an ultrahigh energy density of 312.1 Wh kg−1 in 10 min of charge time per cycle at 4 C, indicating that the vertical graphene sheets/graphite anode possesses ability of extreme fast charging while maintaining high energy density.

中文翻译：

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在天然石墨上生长垂直石墨烯片，用于快速充电锂离子电池

摘要 为了满足电动汽车用锂离子电池的快速充电和高能量密度需求，一直追求在保持高能量密度的同时极快充电，充电时间小于15分钟，这仍然是一个挑战。在这里，为了实现目标，通过热化学气相沉积在石墨表面生长垂直石墨烯片。垂直石墨烯片不仅由于其固有的高导电性可以极大地提高锂离子传输速率，而且由于其高度优先的锂离子嵌入路径，还可以显着降低锂离子传输的曲折性。在半电池中，垂直石墨烯片/石墨可以在每个循环 3 分钟的充电时间内承受 3000 次循环。更引人注目的是，