Designed ecosystems (e.g., gardens or engineered ponds) are increasingly common components of urban landscapes and contribute valuable ecosystem services. However, management of designed ecosystems is typically vegetation-centric and often does not consider associated fauna. Urban ponds typify this relationship as their vegetation is managed to improve ecosystem services, such as aesthetics and stormwater runoff mitigation, but it is unclear how pond management affects associated organisms. Here, we used urban stormwater ponds as a study system to determine how vegetation management related to benthic macroinvertebrate communities in these systems. We compared macroinvertebrates across a range of actively managed to unmanaged stormwater ponds and differentiated direct relationships with vegetation structure from indirect relationships of vegetation modulating pond chemistry. Pond vegetation and chemistry had little influence on macroinvertebrate abundance or diversity but did explain substantial variability in community composition (34%). Actively managed stormwater ponds with simpler vegetation structure were dominated by Amphipoda (scuds) and Diptera (primarily midges), unmanaged ponds with more complex structure were dominated by Oligochaeta (worms), and ponds with intermediate structure were dominated by a variety of macroinvertebrates. These community associations with vegetation management primarily occurred indirectly via changes in pond chemistry, such as unmanaged ponds with higher tree and shrub cover harboring macroinvertebrates characteristic of low oxygen environments. Additionally, variation in management maximized community differences because different macroinvertebrate orders dominated at different management intensities. Variability in the management intensity of plant communities in stormwater ponds may therefore be a feasible strategy to enhance regional benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity in urban landscapes.

设计的生态系统（例如，花园或工程池塘）日益成为城市景观的组成部分，并为有价值的生态系统服务做出了贡献。但是，对设计好的生态系统的管理通常以植被为中心，并且通常不考虑相关的动物区系。城市池塘是这种关系的典型代表，因为它们的植被可以改善生态系统服务，例如美学和减少雨水径流，但目前尚不清楚池塘管理如何影响相关生物。在这里，我们使用城市雨水塘作为研究系统，以确定植被管理如何与这些系统中的底栖大型无脊椎动物群落相关。我们比较了一系列主动管理和非管理雨水池塘中的大型无脊椎动物，并将与植被结构的直接关系与植被调节池塘化学的间接关系区分开来。池塘的植被和化学性质对大型无脊椎动物的丰度或多样性影响很小，但确实解释了群落组成的巨大变化（34％）。主动管理的植被结构较简单的雨水塘以两栖动物（双足类）和双翅类（主要为mid类）为主，结构较复杂的非管理性池塘以Ol（蠕虫）为主，中间结构的池塘则以各种大型无脊椎动物为主体。这些与植被管理相关的社区联系主要是通过池塘化学变化间接发生的，例如带有高树的灌木丛池塘和灌木丛，这些灌木丛具有低氧环境下的大型无脊椎动物。此外，管理上的差异使社区差异最大化，因为不同的无脊椎动物订单在不同的管理强度下占主导地位。因此，雨水池塘植物群落管理强度的变化可能是增强城市景观中底栖大型无脊椎动物生物多样性的可行策略。