Complex dystonias are defined as dystonias that are accompanied by neurologic or systemic manifestations beyond movement disorders. Many syndromes or diseases can present with complex dystonia, either as the cardinal sign or as part of a multi-systemic manifestation. Complex dystonia often gradually develops in the disease course, but can also be present from the outset. If available, the diagnostic workup, disease-specific treatment, and management of patients with complex dystonias require a multi-disciplinary approach. This article summarizes current knowledge on complex dystonias with a particular view of recent developments with respect to advances in diagnosis and management, including causative treatments.

复杂性肌张力障碍被定义为伴有运动障碍以外的神经系统或全身表现的肌张力障碍。许多综合征或疾病可表现为复杂的肌张力障碍，作为主要体征或多系统表现的一部分。复杂性肌张力障碍通常在病程中逐渐发展，但也可以从一开始就存在。如果可能，复杂性肌张力障碍患者的诊断检查、疾病特异性治疗和管理需要多学科方法。本文总结了当前关于复杂肌张力障碍的知识，特别是关于诊断和管理进展的最新发展，包括病因治疗。