During laser cladding of repair parts, multiple objectives must be synthesized; however, the multiobjective optimization of laser cladding is difficult. In this paper, the gray correlation of microhardness, residual stress and wear rate is established to transform these three parameters into a single-objective optimization algorithm to perform a gray correlation. By also using response surface methodology to obtain a mathematical model of the gray correlation degree, the model was analyzed and verified by analysis of variance, and the model accuracy was 90%. The optimal process parameters were determined using the gray correlation model, and the maximum gray correlation was 0.9204832, the microhardness reached 203.65 HV, the residual stress was 45.72 MPa, and the wear rate was 1923.56 μm³/N m. The phases and microstructure of the laser-cladded coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopic analysis of a sample prepared under the optimal processing parameters. This study provides guidance for the multiobjective optimization of process parameters for 316L powder cladding.

在维修零件的激光熔覆过程中，必须合成多个物镜。但是，激光熔覆的多目标优化是困难的。本文建立了显微硬度，残余应力和磨损率之间的灰色关联，将这三个参数转换为单目标优化算法以进行灰色关联。通过使用响应面方法获得灰色关联度的数学模型，通过方差分析对模型进行了分析和验证，模型精度为90％。使用灰色关联模型中确定的最佳工艺参数，以及最大灰度相关性0.9204832，显微硬度达到203.65 HV，残余应力为45.72兆帕，并且磨损率为1923.56微米³/米 通过在最佳加工参数下制备的样品的扫描电子显微镜分析来表征激光熔覆涂层的相和微观结构。该研究为316L粉末熔覆工艺参数的多目标优化提供了指导。