Periosteal cells are the major cell sources of skeletal progenitors for fracture callus. In order to promote bone repair and cartilage formation, besides the application of exogenous growth factors, physical stimulation is an alternative approach to guide cell differentiation. Investigation of appropriate conditions is essential for forming bone and cartilage. In this work, a membrane-type micro-system was developed to provide cell culture environment and cell stretching stimulation during culture course. Circular and oval culture wells were designed to respectively generate uniform and non-uniform 2-axial tensile strain for stretching primary rabbit periosteal cells. Cell orientation and differentiation were studied after cycling stretching for 2 days. The cells aligned to the stretching axis with high tensile strain in the oval culture wells; while the cells expressed random orientation in the circular culture wells. Different responses were significantly shown when the cells were respectively stimulated by uniform and non-uniform 2-axial tensile strains. On the other hand, osteogenic differentiation was shown when the cells were under either uniform or non-uniform 2-axial tensile strain. However, only non-uniform 2-axial tensile strain could induce mature osteoblasts. In addition, the result revealed chondrocytes could be differentiated only under a large and nearly single dimensional tensile strain. In summary, differentiation of the periosteal cells is highly influenced by 2-dimensional distribution of the tensile strain. This work provides some in-sights of the control of axial tensile strain for periosteal cell differentiation.

骨膜细胞是骨折call的骨骼祖细胞的主要细胞来源。为了促进骨骼修复和软骨形成，除了应用外源性生长因子外，物理刺激是指导细胞分化的另一种方法。研究适当的条件对于形成骨骼和软骨至关重要。在这项工作中，开发了一种膜型微系统以在培养过程中提供细胞培养环境和细胞拉伸刺激。设计圆形和椭圆形培养孔，分别产生均匀和不均匀的2轴拉伸应变，以分别拉伸兔原骨骨膜细胞。循环拉伸2天后研究细胞取向和分化。在椭圆形培养孔中，细胞与拉伸轴对齐并具有高拉伸应变；而细胞在圆形培养孔中表达随机取向。当分别通过均匀和不均匀的2轴拉伸应变刺激细胞时，显着显示出不同的响应。另一方面，当细胞在均匀或不均匀的2-轴拉伸应变下显示出成骨分化。但是，只有不均匀的2轴拉伸应变才能诱导成熟的成骨细胞。此外，结果表明，软骨细胞仅在大的和几乎一维的拉伸应变下才能分化。总之，骨膜细胞的分化高度受拉伸应变的二维分布影响。这项工作为骨膜细胞分化的轴向拉伸应变的控制提供了一些见解。