With the development of the chemical industry, more pollutants are produced in the environment, some of which are difficult to degrade by traditional biological treatment methods. Catalysis can directly degrade pollutants into products with less impact on the environment. In the past two decades, due to their unique physical and chemical properties, noble metal nanomaterials (NMNs) have been widely used as highly efficient catalysts in environmental catalysis for water and air pollutant treatment. The properties of NMNs are highly dependent on their parameters, including size, composition, and support, which can be readily used to improve the efficiency of NMNs-based catalysts. In this review, we discuss the effects of size, composition, and support on the catalytic performance of NMNs based on different environmental catalytic methods and characteristic pollutants in water and air. In addition, we focus on the mechanism of environmental catalysis and the relationship between catalytic performance and the properties of the catalysts and the chemical nature of the pollutants. We hope that this review will provide guidance for the design of NMNs-based catalysts for pollutant decomposition.

中文翻译：

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用于污染物分解的工程贵金属纳米材料

随着化学工业的发展，环境中产生了更多的污染物，其中一些污染物难以通过传统的生物处理方法进行降解。催化可以将污染物直接降解为产品，而对环境的影响较小。在过去的二十年中，由于其独特的物理和化学特性，贵金属纳米材料（NMNs）被广泛用作环境催化中用于水和空气污染物处理的高效催化剂。NMNs的性质高度依赖于它们的参数，包括尺寸，组成和载体，可以很容易地用来提高基于NMNs的催化剂的效率。在这篇评论中，我们讨论了尺寸，组成，以及基于不同的环境催化方法和水和空气中的特征性污染物对NMNs催化性能的支持。此外，我们着重于环境催化的机理，以及催化性能，催化剂性能与污染物的化学性质之间的关系。我们希望这次审查将为基于NMNs的污染物分解催化剂的设计提供指导。