ABSTRACT The collared peccary, Pecari tajacu, is a mammal in the family Tayassuidae from the Americas that occurs from the United States to north Argentina and throughout Brazil. They are very sociable animals, living in groups of six to nine individuals. In their natural habitat, they present diurnal habits, but in captivity, this behaviour may change due to management conditions. Despite being bred in captivity for both commercial and conservation purposes, little is known about their behavioural patterns. The aim of this study was to construct an ethogram and produce a time-activity budget for captive collared peccaries in order to suggest better practices for husbandry and welfare. Thirty-nine captive-born peccaries were studied. The ethogram and time-activity budget of the individuals were constructed using the ad libitum method, with data collection at different times between 08:00 and 12:00 and between 13:00 and 17:00. One hundred and seventy-nine hours of data were collected for each period (8:00–9:00; 9:00–10:00; 10:00–11:00, etc.). We identified 87 behaviours exhibited by the collared peccaries, most of them recorded in the afternoon, between 14:00 h and 15:00 h. Most of the time, the peccaries remained inactive. Three behaviours were recorded for the first time (playing in mud, weak biting and tasting). Inactivity of the collared peccaries increased with increasing temperature (rs = 0.261, p < 0.001), whereas active behavioural categories decreased with increasing temperature (rs = −0.179, p = 0.003). The high rate of inactivity may have been due to the influence of temperature, as on warmer days they remained more inactive than on colder days. No signs of low welfare were found based on the ethogram (no abnormal behaviours were observed). The ethogram and the time-activity budget created allow for more targeted husbandry procedures, such as actions that increase the activity of animals.

中文翻译：

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有项圈野猪 (Pecari tajacu, Tayassuidae) 的 Ethogram 和时间活动预算：对畜牧业和福利的影响

摘要 有项圈野猪 Pecari tajacu 是美洲獾科的一种哺乳动物，分布于美国、阿根廷北部和巴西各地。它们是非常善于交际的动物，生活在六到九个人的群体中。在它们的自然栖息地，它们呈现昼夜习性，但在圈养中，这种行为可能会因管理条件而改变。尽管出于商业和保护目的而人工饲养，但对其行为模式知之甚少。本研究的目的是为圈养项圈野猪构建一个伦理图并制定时间-活动预算，以便为畜牧业和福利提出更好的做法。研究了 39 只圈养出生的野猪。使用随意方法构建个体的行为图和时间-活动预算，在 08:00 至 12:00 和 13:00 至 17:00 之间的不同时间收集数据。每个时段（8:00–9:00；9:00–10:00；10:00–11:00 等）收集了 179 小时的数据。我们确定了带项圈的野猪表现出的 87 种行为，其中大部分记录在下午 14:00 到 15:00 之间。大多数时候，野猪仍然不活动。首次记录了三种行为（玩泥巴、弱咬和品尝）。有项圈的野猪的不活动随着温度的升高而增加（rs = 0.261，p < 0.001），而活跃的行为类别随着温度的升高而减少（rs = -0.179，p = 0.003）。高不活动率可能是由于温度的影响，因为在温暖的日子里，他们比在寒冷的日子里更不活动。根据 ethogram 没有发现低福利的迹象（没有观察到异常行为）。创建的 ethogram 和时间活动预算允许更有针对性的饲养程序，例如增加动物活动的行动。