BACKGROUND Whilst eczema is a common inflammatory skin condition, we lack contemporary estimates of disease incidence and prevalence across the lifespan. OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence and prevalence of eczema in children and adults in England and variation by sociodemographic factors (sex, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and geography). METHODS We used the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre primary care research database of 3.85 million children and adults registered with participating practices between 2009 and 2018 inclusive. Eczema incidence was defined as the first-ever diagnosis of eczema recorded in the primary care record, eczema prevalence was defined as fulfilment of criteria for active eczema (two eczema records appearing in the primary care record within any one-year period). RESULTS Eczema incidence was highest in infants younger than 1 year (15.0 per 100 person-years), lowest in adults aged 40-49 (0.35 p/100 person-years), and increased from middle age to a second smaller peak in people 80 years or older (0.79 p/100 person-years). Eczema prevalence was highest in children aged 2 (16.5%) and lowest in adults aged 30-39 (2.8%). Eczema incidence was higher in male infants (<2) and male adults older than 70; for all other ages, incidence in females was higher. Eczema was more common in Asian and black ethnic groups than people of white ethnicity. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with a greater incidence of eczema in infants younger than 2, but the reverse was seen for all other age groups. Incidence and prevalence of eczema were greater in urban settings and in North-West England. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Eczema has a bimodal distribution across the life span. We observed differences in incidence and prevalence of eczema by ethnicity, geography, sex, and socioeconomic status, which varied in magnitude throughout life.

中文翻译：

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英国儿童和成人湿疹的流行病学：使用初级保健数据的基于人群的研究


背景虽然湿疹是一种常见的炎症性皮肤病，但我们缺乏对整个生命周期疾病发病率和患病率的当代估计。目的 估计英格兰儿童和成人湿疹的发病率和患病率以及社会人口因素（性别、社会经济地位、种族和地理）的变化。方法 我们使用了皇家全科医师学院研究和监测中心初级保健研究数据库，该数据库包含 2009 年至 2018 年期间注册参与实践的 385 万儿童和成人。湿疹发病率定义为初级保健记录中记录的首次湿疹诊断，湿疹患病率定义为满足活动性湿疹标准（任何一年内初级保健记录中出现两条湿疹记录）。结果 1 岁以下婴儿的湿疹发病率最高（每 100 人年 15.0 例），40-49 岁的成人最低（0.35 p/100 人年），并从中年增加到 80 岁人群中的第二个较小峰值岁或以上（0.79 p/100 人年）。 2 岁儿童的湿疹患病率最高（16.5%），30-39 岁的成人最低（2.8%）。男性婴儿（<2）和70岁以上男性成年人的湿疹发病率较高；对于所有其他年龄段，女性的发病率较高。湿疹在亚洲人和黑人群体中比白人更常见。较高的社会经济地位与 2 岁以下婴儿的湿疹发病率较高相关，但所有其他年龄组的情况则相反。在城市环境和英格兰西北部，湿疹的发病率和患病率更高。结论和临床相关性 湿疹在整个生命周期中呈双峰分布。 我们观察到湿疹的发病率和患病率因种族、地理位置、性别和社会经济地位而异，并且在一生中程度不同。