The conserved ribosomal protein uS3 in eukaryotes has long been known as one of the essential components of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit, which is involved in the structure of the 40S mRNA entry pore, ensuring the functioning of the 40S subunit during translation initiation. Besides, uS3, being outside the ribosome, is engaged in various cellular processes related to DNA repair, NF‐kB signaling pathway and regulation of apoptosis. This review is devoted to recent data opening new horizons in understanding the roles of uS3 in such processes as the assembly and maturation of 40S subunits, ensuring proper structure of 48S pre‐initiation complexes, regulation of initiation and ribosome‐based RNA quality control pathways. Besides, we summarize novel results on the participation of the protein in processes beyond translation and consider biomedical implications of previously known and recently found extra‐ribosomal functions of uS3, primarily, in oncogenesis.

中文翻译：

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核糖体蛋白uS3在细胞生物学和人类疾病中的应用：最新见解和前景

长期以来，真核生物中保守的核糖体蛋白uS3被认为是小（40S）核糖体亚基的重要组成部分之一，它参与40S mRNA进入孔的结构，确保40S亚基在翻译起始过程中发挥功能。此外，uS3不在核糖体中，参与与DNA修复，NF-kB信号通路和细胞凋亡调节相关的各种细胞过程。这篇综述专门针对最近的数据开辟了新的视野，以了解uS3在40S亚基的组装和成熟，确保48S预起始复合物的正确结构，起始和基于核糖体的RNA质量控制途径的调控等过程中的作用。除了，