• 1. According to the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC), marine protected areas (MPA) should contribute to a good environmental status of the Europeans seas. Measures maintaining or restoring a favourable conservation status of protected species and habitats are mandatory according to the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC).
• 2. Identification of suitable sites for ecological restoration measures within MPAs is a crucial step towards successful conservation and sustainable MPA management. In terms of species restoration, it is important to restore the respective species with the best possible environment for growth, survival, fitness, and successful recruitment.
• 3. This study provides a comprehensive list of site‐selection criteria for ecological species restoration. Three general categories were chosen: (1) ecological history: evidence for the historical distribution; (2) feasibility of restoration: regulating framework and logistics; and (3) environmental conditions: quality of abiotic and biotic factors. A total of 16 site‐selection criteria were identified and applied to biogenic reef restoration, namely for reefs of the native European oyster Ostrea edulis, in the German Bight.
• 4. The Natura 2000 area Borkum Reef Ground was identified as a suitable site for oyster restoration. It is one of three MPAs in the German Exclusive Economic Zone of the North Sea, which have been declared as Nature Conservation Areas according to national legislation. The conservation objectives include maintenance or, if necessary, restoration of the habitat type ‘reefs’. As a reef‐building species, the European oyster O. edulis is of particular importance for this habitat type in terms of nature conservation.
• 5. The step by step approach for site selection presented here is applicable for biogenic reef restoration elsewhere. The selected Natura 2000 area showcases the potential role and future perspective of European MPAs with regards to active conservation measures.

中文翻译：

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海上环境中生物礁修复的地点选择：Natura 2000地区博尔库姆礁地面作为本地牡蛎修复的案例研究

• 1.根据欧盟海洋战略框架指令（2008/56 / EC），海洋保护区（MPA）应有助于改善欧洲海洋的环境状况。根据欧盟人居指令（92/43 / EEC），必须采取措施维持或恢复受保护物种和栖息地的良好保护状态。
• 2.在海洋保护区内确定合适的生态恢复措施选址是成功保护和可持续海洋保护区的关键一步。在物种恢复方面，重要的是要在生长，生存，适应和成功招募的最佳环境下恢复各个物种。
• 3.这项研究提供了生态物种恢复的选址标准的综合清单。选择了三个一般类别：（1）生态历史：历史分布的证据；（2）恢复的可行性：调节框架和后勤；（3）环境条件：非生物和生物因素的质量。一共有16个网站，选择标准的研究，并应用于生物礁的恢复，即对欧洲本土牡蛎礁的食用牡蛎，德国湾。
• 4. Natura 2000地区的博尔库姆礁石地面被确定为适合牡蛎恢复的地点。它是北海德国专属经济区的三个海洋保护区之一，根据国家法律已被宣布为自然保护区。保护目标包括对生境类型“礁石”的维护或必要时的恢复。作为一种造礁物种，欧洲牡蛎O. edulis在自然保护方面对于这种生境类型特别重要。
• 5.此处介绍的分步选择方法适用于其他地方的生物礁修复。选定的Natura 2000地区展示了欧洲MPA在积极的保护措施方面的潜在作用和未来前景。