The worldwide energy crisis and environmental deterioration are probably humanity's greatest challenges. Thermoelectricity, which allows for the mutual conversion between thermal and electrical energy, has become a promising technology to alleviate this challenge. Increasingly more research focuses on how to fabricate and apply thermoelectric materials for harvesting energy and regulating the indoor thermal environment. However, only a few studies have focused on cementitious materials with thermoelectric potential. Thermoelectric cement is a composite material in which particular additives can enhance the thermoelectric performance of ordinary cement. By potentially replacing traditional construction materials with thermoelectric cement in building applications, electricity could be generated from waste heat, reducing the use of fossil fuels, and supplementing other renewable energy sources like solar and wind. This article presents a review of fundamentals, fabrication, characterization, composition, and performance, as well as modeling methods and opportunities for thermoelectric cement composites. The literature reviewed covers the period from 1998 to 2020 related to thermoelectric cement. It also presents the challenges and problems to overcome for further development and provide future research directions of thermoelectric cement.

全球能源危机和环境恶化可能是人类面临的最大挑战。允许热能和电能相互转换的热电已成为缓解这一挑战的有前途的技术。越来越多的研究集中在如何制造和应用热电材料以收集能量和调节室内热环境方面。但是，只有少数研究集中在具有热电势的胶结材料上。热电水泥是一种复合材料，其中特定的添加剂可以增强普通水泥的热电性能。通过在建筑应用中潜在地用热电水泥代替传统的建筑材料，废热可产生电力，从而减少化石燃料的使用，并补充其他可再生能源，例如太阳能和风能。本文介绍了热电水泥复合材料的基本原理，制造，表征，组成和性能以及建模方法和机会。回顾的文献涵盖了1998年至2020年与热电水泥有关的时期。它还提出了进一步发展需要克服的挑战和问题，并提供了热电水泥的未来研究方向。