Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is an emerging disorder defined by the acute onset of flaccid paralysis with a longitudinally extensive, gray matter predominant, lesion of the spinal cord. AFM presents as asymmetric, proximal more than distal, weakness of one or more extremities and may cause rapid respiratory decline. Early recognition and testing are essential to monitor for complications and maximize yield of testing for infectious agents, and thus contribution to surveillance. There is no human data to support specific recommendations for treatment. However, it is encouraging that monoclonal antibodies to enterovirus D68 limit the course of disease and improve outcomes in a mouse model. Patients show functional improvement over time with multimodal rehabilitation services and consideration of nerve transfer surgery, but most have lasting sequelae. We provide basic recommendations for educating front line providers, initial testing and management, and long term monitoring for complications.

急性弛缓性脊髓炎 (AFM) 是一种新出现的疾病，定义为急性发作的弛缓性麻痹，伴有纵向广泛的、以灰质为主的脊髓损伤。AFM 表现为不对称、近端多于远端、一个或多个四肢无力，并可能导致呼吸功能快速下降。早期识别和检测对于监测并发症和最大限度地提高传染源检测率至关重要，从而有助于监测。没有人类数据支持具体的治疗建议。然而，令人鼓舞的是，肠道病毒 D68 的单克隆抗体限制了疾病的进程并改善了小鼠模型的结果。随着时间的推移，患者通过多模式康复服务和考虑神经转移手术显示出功能改善，但大多数都有持久的后遗症。