Erysimum cheiranthoides L (Brassicaceae; wormseed wallflower) accumulates not only glucosinolates, which are characteristic of the Brassicaceae, but also abundant and diverse cardenolides. These steroid toxins, primarily glycosylated forms of digitoxigenin, cannogenol, and strophanthidin, inhibit the function of essential Na⁺/K⁺-ATPases in animal cells. We screened a population of 659 ethylmethanesulfonate-mutagenized E. cheiranthoides plants to identify isolates with altered cardenolide profiles. One mutant line exhibited 66% lower cardenolide content, resulting from greatly decreased cannogenol and strophanthidin glycosides, partially compensated for by increases in digitoxigenin glycosides. This phenotype was likely caused by a single-locus recessive mutation, as evidenced by a wildtype phenotype of F1 plants from a backcross, a 3:1 wildtype:mutant segregation in the F2 generation, and genetic mapping of the altered cardenolide phenotype to one position in the genome. The mutation created a more even cardenolide distribution, decreased the average cardenolide polarity, but did not impact most glucosinolates. Growth of generalist herbivores from two feeding guilds, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae; green peach aphid) and Trichoplusia ni Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; cabbage looper), was decreased on the mutant line compared to wildtype. Both herbivores accumulated cardenolides in proportion to the plant content, with T. ni accumulating higher total concentrations than M. persicae. Helveticoside, a relatively abundant cardenolide in E. cheiranthoides, was not detected in M. persicae feeding on these plants. Our results support the hypothesis that increased digitoxigenin glycosides provide improved protection against M. persicae and T. ni, despite an overall decrease in cardenolide content of the mutant line.

Erysimum cheiranthoides L（芸苔科；蠕虫种子壁花）不仅积累芥蓝的芥子油苷，而且还积累了丰富而多样的心内酯。这些类固醇毒素主要是洋地黄毒苷，菜豆酚和土生黄素的糖基化形式，抑制动物细胞中必需的Na ⁺ / K ⁺ -ATPases的功能。我们筛选了659份甲基磺酸乙酯诱变的大肠埃希氏菌种群植物鉴定具有改变的烯醇内酯谱的分离株。一株突变株表现出较低的烯醇内酯含量，这是由于菜青素醇和草甘膦糖苷的含量大大降低，部分被洋地黄毒苷的含量增加所补偿。这种表型可能是由单基因座隐性突变引起的，如回交的F1植物的野生型表型，F2代中3：1的野生型：突变型分离以及改变的烯醇内酯表型到一个位置的遗传作图所证明的。在基因组中。突变产生了更均匀的烯醇内酯分布，降低了平均烯醇内酯极性，但并未影响大多数芥子油苷。由两个食行会Myzus persicae Sulzer（半翅目：蚜虫；绿桃蚜）和与野生型相比，突变体品系上的毛滴虫（Trichoplusia niHübner）（鳞翅目：夜蛾科；卷心菜）。两种草食动物都与植物含量成比例地积累了烯属内酯，其中三叶草的累积总浓度高于桃蚜。Helveticoside，一个相对丰富cardenolide在E. cheiranthoides，在未检测到桃蚜这些植物为食。我们的结果支持这样的假说：尽管突变株中烯醇内酯含量总体下降，但增加的洋地黄毒苷配糖苷可提供更好的抗桃蚜和T. ni的保护作用。