Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is one of the most deadly malignancies. Although immunotherapies showed the potential to improve the prognosis for metastatic melanoma patients, only a small group of patients can benefit from it. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the tumor microenvironment in melanoma as well as to identify efficient biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatments of SKCM patients. A comprehensive analysis was performed based on metastatic melanoma samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and ESTIMATE algorithm, including gene expression, immune and stromal scores, prognostic immune-related genes, infiltrating immune cells analysis and immune subtype identification. Then the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained based on the immune and stromal scores, and a list of prognostic immune-related genes was identified. Functional analysis and the protein-protein interaction network revealed that these genes enriched in multiple immune-related biological processes. Furthermore, prognostic genes were verified in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and used to predict immune infiltrating cells component. Our study revealed seven immune subtypes with different risk values and identified T cells as the most abundant cells in the immune microenvironment and closely associated with prognostic outcomes. In conclusion, this study thoroughly analyzed the tumor microenvironment and identified prognostic immune-related biomarkers for metastatic melanoma.

中文翻译：

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转移性黑色素瘤微环境中免疫相关预后基因的数据挖掘。

皮肤皮肤黑色素瘤（SKCM）是最致命的恶性肿瘤之一。尽管免疫疗法显示了改善转移性黑色素瘤患者预后的潜力，但只有一小部分患者可以从中受益。因此，迫切需要研究黑色素瘤中的肿瘤微环境，并在诊断和治疗SKCM患者中找出有效的生物标志物。基于癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）数据库和ESTIMATE算法的转移性黑色素瘤样本进行了全面分析，包括基因表达，免疫和基质评分，预后免疫相关基因，浸润免疫细胞分析和免疫亚型鉴定。然后根据免疫和基质评分获得差异表达基因（DEG），并确定了与免疫相关的预后基因清单。功能分析和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络显示，这些基因在多种免疫相关的生物学过程中富集。此外，在基因表达综合（GEO）数据库中验证了预后基因，并用于预测免疫浸润细胞成分。我们的研究揭示了七个具有不同风险值的免疫亚型，并将T细胞确定为免疫微环境中最丰富的细胞，并与预后密切相关。总之，这项研究彻底分析了肿瘤的微​​环境，并确定了转移性黑色素瘤的预后免疫相关生物标志物。此外，在基因表达综合（GEO）数据库中验证了预后基因，并用于预测免疫浸润细胞成分。我们的研究揭示了七个具有不同风险值的免疫亚型，并将T细胞确定为免疫微环境中最丰富的细胞，并与预后密切相关。总之，这项研究彻底分析了肿瘤的微​​环境，并确定了转移性黑色素瘤的预后免疫相关生物标志物。此外，在基因表达综合（GEO）数据库中验证了预后基因，并用于预测免疫浸润细胞成分。我们的研究揭示了七个具有不同风险值的免疫亚型，并将T细胞确定为免疫微环境中最丰富的细胞，并与预后密切相关。总之，这项研究彻底分析了肿瘤的微​​环境，并确定了转移性黑色素瘤的预后免疫相关生物标志物。