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Bladder and Bowel Management in Dogs With Spinal Cord Injury
Frontiers in Veterinary Science ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 , DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.583342
Nicolas Granger , Natasha J. Olby , Yvette S. Nout-Lomas ,

Spinal cord injury in companion dogs can lead to urinary and fecal incontinence or retention, depending on the severity, and localization of the lesion along the canine nervous system. The bladder and gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by lesions of the autonomic system can be difficult to recognize, interpret and are easily overlooked. Nevertheless, it is crucial to maintain a high degree of awareness of the impact of micturition and defecation disturbances on the animal's condition, welfare and on the owner. The management of these disabilities is all the more challenging that the autonomic nervous system physiology is a complex topic. In this review, we propose to briefly remind the reader the physiology of micturition and defecation in dogs. We then present the bladder and gastrointestinal clinical signs associated with sacral lesions (i.e., the L7-S3 spinal cord segments and nerves) and supra-sacral lesions (i.e., cranial to the L7 spinal cord segment), largely in the context of intervertebral disc herniation. We summarize what is known about the natural recovery of urinary and fecal continence in dogs after spinal cord injury. In particular we review the incidence of urinary tract infection after injury. We finally explore the past and recent literature describing management of urinary and fecal dysfunction in the acute and chronic phase of spinal cord injury. This comprises medical therapies but importantly a number of surgical options, some known for decades such as sacral nerve stimulation, that might spark some interest in the field of spinal cord injury in companion dogs.



中文翻译:

脊髓损伤犬的膀胱和肠道处理

陪伴犬的脊髓损伤可导致尿和大便失禁或retention留,具体取决于病情的严重程度和病变在犬神经系统中的定位。由自主神经系统病变引起的膀胱和胃肠功能障碍可能难以识别,解释并且容易被忽视。然而,至关重要的是要保持高度了解排尿和排便干扰对动物状况,福利以及对所有者的影响的意识。自主神经系统生理学是一个复杂的话题,对这些残疾的管理更具挑战性。在这篇评论中,我们建议简要提醒读者狗排尿和排便的生理过程。然后我们提出与骨病变相关的膀胱和胃肠道临床体征(i。例如,L7-S3脊髓节段和神经)和-上病变(即颅骨到L7脊髓节段),主要是在椎间盘突出的情况下。我们总结了已知脊髓损伤后狗尿尿和粪便的自然恢复情况。特别是,我们回顾了损伤后尿路感染的发生率。最后,我们探讨了描述急性和慢性脊髓损伤中泌尿和粪便功能障碍的治疗方法的过去和最近的文献。这包括药物疗法,但重要的是有许多外科手术选择,例如for神经刺激等数十年来已知的外科手术选择,可能会引起伴侣犬脊髓损伤领域的一些兴趣。颅骨至L7脊髓节段),主要是在椎间盘突出症的背景下。我们总结了已知脊髓损伤后狗尿尿和粪便的自然恢复情况。特别是,我们回顾了损伤后尿路感染的发生率。最后,我们探讨了描述急性和慢性脊髓损伤中泌尿和粪便功能障碍的治疗方法的过去和最近的文献。这包括药物疗法,但重要的是有许多外科手术选择,例如for神经刺激等数十年来已知的外科手术选择,可能会引起伴侣犬脊髓损伤领域的一些兴趣。颅骨至L7脊髓节段),主要是在椎间盘突出症的背景下。我们总结了已知脊髓损伤后狗尿尿和粪便的自然恢复情况。特别是,我们回顾了损伤后尿路感染的发生率。最后,我们探讨了描述急性和慢性脊髓损伤中泌尿和粪便功能障碍的治疗方法的过去和最近的文献。这包括药物疗法,但重要的是有许多外科手术选择,例如for神经刺激等数十年来已知的外科手术选择,可能会引起伴侣犬脊髓损伤领域的一些兴趣。我们总结了已知脊髓损伤后狗尿尿和粪便的自然恢复情况。特别是,我们回顾了损伤后尿路感染的发生率。最后,我们探讨了描述急性和慢性脊髓损伤中泌尿和粪便功能障碍的治疗方法的过去和最近的文献。这包括药物疗法,但重要的是有许多外科手术选择,例如for神经刺激等数十年来已知的外科手术选择,可能会引起伴侣犬脊髓损伤领域的一些兴趣。我们总结了已知脊髓损伤后狗尿尿和粪便的自然恢复情况。特别是,我们回顾了损伤后尿路感染的发生率。最后,我们探讨了描述急性和慢性脊髓损伤中泌尿和粪便功能障碍的治疗方法的过去和最近的文献。这包括药物疗法,但重要的是有许多外科手术选择,例如for神经刺激等数十年来已知的外科手术选择,可能会引起伴侣犬脊髓损伤领域的一些兴趣。

更新日期:2020-11-12
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