The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fermented spent mushroom substrates (FSMS) on growth performance, serum biochemical, gut digestive enzyme activity, microbial community, genes expression of tight junction proteins, and volatile fatty acids in the hindgut (colon and cecum) of weaned piglets. A total of 100 weaned Yihao native pigs (native × Duroc, 50 males and 50 females) were allocated to two groups with five replicates and 10 pigs per replicate. Pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet (BD group), and the others were fed basal diets supplemented with 3% FSMS (FSMS group). Relative to the BD group, it had better results for final weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio in the FSMS group but not significant (p > 0.05), which was accompanied by improved serum triiodothyronine, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin A (p < 0.05) but lower serum total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, and total triglyceride during the overall period (p < 0.05). Similarly, FSMS significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) the messenger RNA expression of duodenal tight junction proteins such as tight junction protein 1, tight junction protein 2, and occludin. Meanwhile, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid levels were increased, whereas propanoic acid was decreased (p < 0.05) in the FSMS group than the BD group. In addition, the piglets in the FSMS group changed the microbial diversity in the colon and cecum. 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based compositional analysis of the colonic and cecal microbiota showed differences in the relative abundance of bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, etc.), genus (Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Roseburia, etc.), and species (Lactobacillus gasseri, Clostridium disporicum, etc.) between the BD and FSMS fed piglets. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with FSMS benefited to the intestinal mucosal barrier, immunity, and composition of the microbiota.

本研究的目的是研究发酵废蘑菇底物（FSMS）对生长性能，血清生化，肠道消化酶活性，微生物群落，后肠紧密连接蛋白的基因表达和挥发性脂肪酸（结肠和结肠）的影响。盲肠）。总共将100头断奶的益豪原生猪（本地×杜洛克，雄性50头，雌性50头）分为两组，每组5头，每头10头。对照组的猪饲喂基础饲料（BD组），其余的猪饲喂补充3％FSMS的基础饲料（FSMS组）。与BD组相比，FSMS组的最终体重，平均日增重和饲料转化率具有更好的结果，但不显着（p > 0.05），同时伴有血清三碘甲状腺素，免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白A（p <0.05），但整个时期的血清总蛋白，白蛋白，总胆固醇和总甘油三酯较低（p<0.05）。同样，FSMS明显上调（p<0.05）十二指肠紧密连接蛋白（例如紧密连接蛋白1，紧密连接蛋白2和闭合蛋白）的信使RNA表达。同时，异丁酸，戊酸和异戊酸水平升高，而丙酸水平降低（p＜0.05）FSMS组比BD组。此外，FSMS组的仔猪改变了结肠和盲肠的微生物多样性。基于16S rRNA基因测序的结肠和盲肠微生物群组成分析显示细菌门的相对丰度有所不同（菌类，拟杆菌等），属（乳酸菌，链球菌，玫瑰菌等）和种类（格氏乳杆菌，Clostridium disporicum，等等）在BD和FSMS饲喂的仔猪之间。总之，膳食补充剂FSMS有益于肠道粘膜屏障，免疫力和微生物群的组成。