Cities are at the forefront of the climate change issue and are responsible for about 39% of global carbon dioxide emissions. They can form their own climate which is often characterized by higher temperatures and pollution levels, less wind, and solar access compared to their surroundings. This paper presents a systematic review of publications on cities in cold and polar climate regions as defined by the Köppen-Geiger climate classification to determine the most-researched topics, identify sparsely incorporated research areas, synthesize research evidence and summarize the most important results. In total, 101 papers have been included, categorized, and analyzed according to their publication year, country, climate, topic, method, keywords, citations, and publication channels. The articles were classified into nine main topics: urban heat island (UHI) magnitude, UHI mitigation, other UHI related, biometeorology, air pollution, urban boundary layer and atmospheric boundary layer, time series analysis, other urban meteorological phenomena, and research not falling under the previous eight categories. The most-covered topic was the UHI effect. The outweighing part of studies used on-site measurements for obtaining data, while some studies were dedicated to understanding the structure, or the temporal and spatial variability of the UHI, often by using numerical tools. The review reveals significant gaps in the research of microclimatic characteristics and physical properties of the materials in urban design. Ongoing climate change and the particular vulnerability of cold and polar climate regions makes it especially important to review, develop, and adopt climate adaption and mitigation strategies for sustainable urban development.

城市是气候变化问题的最前沿，约占全球二氧化碳排放量的39％。它们可以形成自己的气候，与周围环境相比，气候通常具有较高的温度和污染水平，较少的风和太阳能。本文对由柯本-盖革气候分类法定义的寒冷和极地气候区城市的出版物进行了系统的综述，以确定研究最多的主题，确定稀疏的研究领域，综合研究证据并总结最重要的结果。总共根据其发表年份，国家，气候，主题，方法，关键字，引文和发表渠道对101篇论文进行了归类，分类和分析。这些文章分为九个主要主题：城市热岛（UHI）大小，UHI缓解，其他与UHI相关的，生物气象，空气污染，城市边界层和大气边界层，时间序列分析，其他城市气象现象以及不属于先前八类的研究。涉及最多的主题是UHI效应。研究的主要部分是使用现场测量来获取数据，而一些研究则通常通过使用数字工具来致力于了解UHI的结构或时空变异性。该评论揭示了城市设计中材料的微气候特征和物理特性研究方面的重大差距。持续的气候变化以及寒冷和极地气候地区的特殊脆弱性使得审查，开发，