Abstract The damage resistance of grain kernels to external loading is useful for optimizing agricultural equipment design and adjusting operational settings. This study aims to quantify and compare the damage resistance of corn and wheat kernels under different types of loading and fit the data with statistical models. The damage resistance of corn and wheat kernels to compression, friction, and repeated impacts was measured using a universal testing machine, pin-on-disk tribometer, and Wisconsin breakage tester/rotary blade impactor, respectively. The average fracture force and fracture energy under compression (± one standard deviation) were, respectively, 309.4±107.1 N and 48.7±27.1 mJ for corn, and 83.4±23.8 N and 28.7±13.5 mJ for wheat. The wear damage was insignificant for corn-acrylic, corn-steel, and wheat-acrylic wear tests. For the wheat-steel wear test, the average work done by the friction force to cause pericarp damage was 3.85±1.50 J. A lognormal distribution was used to fit the compression test data, and a three-parameter Weibull distribution was used to fit the repeated impact test data. The statistical models fit the damage probability based on the loading force or input energy with R-squared values over 0.98. It was found that corn and wheat kernels were susceptible to compression and impact loading, while both had high resistance to wear damage.

中文翻译：

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测量玉米和小麦籽粒对压缩、摩擦和反复冲击的抗损伤性

摘要 谷粒对外部载荷的抗损伤能力有助于优化农业设备设计和调整操作设置。本研究旨在量化和比较不同负载类型下玉米和小麦籽粒的抗损伤性，并将数据与统计模型进行拟合。玉米和小麦籽粒对压缩、摩擦和反复冲击的抗损伤性分别使用万能试验机、销盘式摩擦计和威斯康星破碎试验机/旋转刀片冲击器进行测量。压缩下的平均断裂力和断裂能（± 1 个标准偏差）分别为玉米 309.4±107.1 N 和 48.7±27.1 mJ，小麦为 83.4±23.8 N 和 28.7±13.5 mJ。对于玉米-丙烯酸、玉米-钢和小麦-丙烯酸磨损试验，磨损损伤微不足道。对于小麦-钢磨损试验，摩擦力造成果皮损伤的平均功为3.85±1.50 J。压缩试验数据采用对数正态分布拟合，三参数Weibull分布拟合反复冲击试验数据。统计模型拟合基于加载力或输入能量的损坏概率，R 平方值超过 0.98。研究发现，玉米和小麦籽粒容易受到压缩和冲击载荷的影响，而两者都具有很高的抗磨损能力。统计模型拟合基于加载力或输入能量的损坏概率，R 平方值超过 0.98。研究发现，玉米和小麦籽粒容易受到压缩和冲击载荷的影响，而两者都具有很高的抗磨损能力。统计模型拟合基于加载力或输入能量的损坏概率，R 平方值超过 0.98。结果表明，玉米和小麦籽粒容易受到压缩和冲击载荷的影响，而两者都具有很高的抗磨损能力。