Natural killer (NK) cells have exhibited therapeutic potential for various malignant tumors. However, the cytotoxic effect of NK cells is relatively weak and less specific compared to other immunotherapy approaches such as chimeric antigen receptor T-Cell (CART) therapy, constituting a great challenge for adoptive immunotherapy. Here, we report cell membrane-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles for activating NK cells and enhancing anti-tumor effects. Magnetic nanoparticles were coated with silicon dioxide (SiO₂), and cancer cell membranes were mixed with Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ to construct cancer cell membrane coated Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ magnetic nanoparticles (CMNPs). The functionalized nanoparticles bearing cancer-specific antigens on the surface effectively stimulated NK cells by enhancing expression of surface activating receptors and boosting anti-tumor function through the secretion of soluble cytotoxic effectors. To conclude, the biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles offer a versatile and powerful tool to present tumor-specific antigens, priming anti-tumor capability, which is promising to enhance NK cell-based adoptive cancer immunotherapy.

自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞已显示出对各种恶性肿瘤的治疗潜力。然而，与嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞 (CART) 治疗等其他免疫治疗方法相比，NK 细胞的细胞毒作用相对较弱且特异性较低，这对过继性免疫治疗构成了巨大挑战。在这里，我们报告了用于激活 NK 细胞和增强抗肿瘤作用的细胞膜包裹的磁性纳米粒子。磁性纳米粒子包覆二氧化硅（SiO ₂），癌细胞膜与Fe ₃ O ₄ @SiO ₂混合构建癌细胞膜包覆Fe ₃ O ₄ @SiO ₂磁性纳米粒子（CMNP）。表面带有癌症特异性抗原的功能化纳米颗粒通过增强表面活化受体的表达和通过分泌可溶性细胞毒性效应物增强抗肿瘤功能，有效地刺激了 NK 细胞。总之，仿生磁性纳米粒子提供了一种多功能且强大的工具来呈递肿瘤特异性抗原，启动抗肿瘤能力，有望增强基于 NK 细胞的过继性癌症免疫疗法。