Digital Twins are complex digital representations of assets that are used by a variety of organizations across the Industry 4.0 value chain. As the digitization of industrial processes advances, Digital Twins will become widespread. As a result, there is a need to develop new secure data sharing models for a complex ecosystem of interacting Digital Twins and lifecycle parties. Decentralized Applications are uniquely suited to address these sharing challenges while ensuring availability, integrity and confidentiality. They rely on distributed ledgers and decentralized databases for data storage and processing, avoiding single points of trust. To tackle the need for decentralized sharing of Digital Twin data, this work proposes an owner-centric decentralized sharing model. A formal access control model addresses integrity and confidentiality aspects based on Digital Twin components and lifecycle requirements. With our prototypical implementation EtherTwin we show how to overcome the numerous implementation challenges associated with fully decentralized data sharing, enabling management of Digital Twin components and their associated information. For validation, the prototype is evaluated based on an industry use case and semi-structured expert interviews.

数字孪生是资产的复杂数字表示形式，被整个工业4.0价值链中的各种组织使用。随着工业流程数字化的发展，数字孪生将变得越来越普遍。因此，有必要为相互作用的Digital Twins和生命周期各方的复杂生态系统开发新的安全数据共享模型。分散式应用程序特别适合解决这些共享挑战，同时确保可用性，完整性和机密性。他们依靠分布式分类帐和分散式数据库进行数据存储和处理，从而避免了单点信任。为了解决数字孪生数据分散共享的需求，这项工作提出了一个以所有者为中心的分散共享模型。正式的访问控制模型基于Digital Twin组件和生命周期要求来解决完整性和机密性问题。通过我们的原型实现EtherTwin，我们展示了如何克服与完全分散的数据共享相关的众多实现挑战，从而能够管理Digital Twin组件及其相关信息。为了进行验证，将根据行业用例和半结构化专家访谈对原型进行评估。