Understanding the relationship between population genetic structure and phenotypic diversity is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. Yeasts display wide genetic diversity and exhibit remarkably diverse heterotrophic metabolisms that allow a variety of niche occupations. However, little is known about how intra-species genetic population structure is related to trait diversity in yeasts. In this study, we investigated the link between intra-species genetic population structure and trait diversity in the floral nectar-inhabiting yeast Metschnikowia reukaufii (Ascomycota). A total of 73 strains obtained from 11 plant species were genotyped by whole genome sequencing, followed by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling, and phenotyped using a robot-assisted high-throughput screening platform. Analysis of the population structure estimated the number of ancestral populations to be K = 5, each one including strains from different locations and host plants, and 26% of strains showed significant genetic admixture (<80% ancestry from a single population). These mosaic strains were scattered throughout a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree built from SNP data, and differed widely in their ancestry. While yeast strains varied in nutrient assimilation and tolerance to inhibitors, trait differentiation among genetic lineages was in most cases negligible. Notably, outlier phenotypes largely corresponded to the mosaic strains, and removal of these from the data had a dramatic effect on the intra-species phylogenetic signal of studied phenotypes and patterns of trait evolution. Overall, these results suggest that genetic mosaicism broadens the phenotypic landscape explored by M. reukaufii and may allow adaptation to highly variable nectar environments.

了解种群遗传结构与表型多样性之间的关系是进化生物学中的一个基本问题。酵母具有广泛的遗传多样性，并表现出显着多样的异养代谢，可以进行各种利基职业。但是，关于种内遗传种群结构与酵母性状多样性之间的关系鲜为人知。在这项研究中，我们调查了花蜜居住酵母Metschnikowia reukaufii中种内遗传种群结构与性状多样性之间的联系。（子囊）。通过全基因组测序对从11种植物中获得的73株菌株进行基因分型，然后通过单核苷酸多态性（SNP）进行基因分型，并使用机器人辅助的高通量筛选平台进行表型分型。人口结构分析估计祖先人口数为K ＝ 5，每个包括来自不同位置和寄主植物的菌株，并且26％的菌株显示出显着的遗传混合（来自单一种群的＜80％的祖先）。这些镶嵌菌株分散在根据SNP数据构建的最大似然系统发育树中，并且其祖先差异很大。尽管酵母菌株在营养同化和对抑制剂的耐受性方面各不相同，但在大多数情况下，遗传谱系之间的性状分化可忽略不计。值得注意的是，离群表型在很大程度上对应于镶嵌菌株，并且从数据中删除这些异常对所研究表型和性状进化模式的种内系统发生信号具有显着影响。总的来说，这些结果表明，遗传镶嵌拓宽了reukaufii所探索的表型景观。 并可以适应高度变化的花蜜环境。