A novel gill cell line from pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂×Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀, PGGG cell line) was established, its application in cadmium (Cd) toxicology was demonstrated in this study. Primary cultures and PGGG subcultures were carried out at 25 °C in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle medium/F12 medium (1:1; pH 7.2) supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Primary PGGG cells were spindle-shaped, proliferated into a confluent monolayer within two weeks and were continuously subcultured over passage 60. The growth of cells at passages 20, 40, and 60 was examined. Chromosome analysis revealed that the chromosomal number of normal PGGG cells was 48, but the number of cells with the normal chromosomes number decreased during the passaging process. Cadmium is one of the most toxic metals in aquatic systems and has been associated with multiple animal and human health problems. To interpret the cytotoxicity and related mechanisms of cadmium, PGGG cells were used as an in vitro model. After treatment with cadmium at concentrations ranging from 1 µM to 500 µM, PGGG cells demonstrated dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, manifested as morphological abnormalities and a viability decline. Further, it was found that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were elevated following cadmium exposure, and related genes involved in the antioxidant system, including those encoding catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and Kelch-like- ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), were regulated differently. In addition, PGGG cells treated with cadmium had the typical features associated with apoptosis, including phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization; upregulated expression of caspase-3, −8, and −9; and apoptotic body formation. In general, the PGGG cell line may serve as a useful tool for studying the toxic mechanisms of cadmium or other toxicants or for toxicity testing and environment monitoring.

珍珠龙胆石斑鱼（Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus）的一种新的ill细胞系。♀，建立PGGG细胞系，本研究证明了其在镉（Cd）毒理学中的应用。在补充了15％胎牛血清（FBS）的Dulbecco改良的Eagle培养基/ F12培养基（1：1; pH 7.2）中于25°C进行原代培养和PGGG继代培养。初级PGGG细胞呈纺锤形，在两周内增殖为融合单层，并在60代连续传代培养。检查了20、40和60代细胞的生长。染色体分析显示正常PGGG细胞的染色体数目为48，但在传代过程中具有正常染色体数目的细胞数目减少。镉是水生系统中毒性最强的金属之一，与多种动物和人类健康有关。体外模型。用浓度范围为1 µM至500 µM的镉处理后，PGGG细胞显示出剂量和时间依赖性的细胞毒性，表现为形态异常和活力下降。此外，发现镉暴露后，活性氧（ROS）和丙二醛（MDA）含量升高，抗氧化剂系统中涉及的相关基因包括编码过氧化氢酶（CAT），超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的相关基因。 （GPx），谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）和Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1（Keap1）受到不同的调节。另外，镉处理的PGGG细胞具有与凋亡相关的典型特征，包括磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）的外在化。caspase-3，-8和-9的表达上调；和凋亡的身体形成。一般来说，