The tumor microenvironment represents a dynamically composed matrix into which cancer cells and many other cell types are embedded to form organ-like structures. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), composed of immune cells, is an inseparable part of the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in the occurrence and development of tumors by delivering various biologically active molecules between cells; their role in cancer immune escape in particular has been widely proven. EVs can carry a wide array of cargo, such as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, which are selectively loaded by EVs, secreted, and transported to participate in the proliferation of immune cells. Hence, strategies to specifically target EV-ncRNAs could be attractive therapeutic options. In this review, we summarize the current research on the role of EV-ncRNAs in cancer immune escape, and discuss the latest research on the function and regulation mechanism of EV-ncRNAs in cancer immune escape, highlighting and elucidating the potential clinical applications of EV-ncRNAs, including in diagnosis and immunotherapy.

肿瘤微环境代表了一个动态组成的基质，癌细胞和许多其他细胞类型嵌入其中以形成器官样结构。由免疫细胞组成的肿瘤免疫微环境（TIME）是肿瘤微环境不可分割的一部分。细胞外囊泡（EVs）通过在细胞间传递各种生物活性分子参与肿瘤的发生和发展；它们在癌症免疫逃逸中的作用已得到广泛证实。EVs 可以携带多种货物，例如非编码 RNA (ncRNAs)，包括 miRNAs、lncRNAs 和 circRNAs，它们被 EVs 选择性加载、分泌和运输以参与免疫细胞的增殖。因此，专门针对 EV-ncRNA 的策略可能是有吸引力的治疗选择。在这次审查中，