Two-way transmission on mink farms Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a zoonotic virus—one that spilled over from another species to infect and transmit among humans. We know that humans can infect other animals with SARS-CoV-2, such as domestic cats and even tigers in zoos. Oude Munnink et al. used whole-genome sequencing to show that SARS-CoV-2 infections were rife among mink farms in the southeastern Netherlands, all of which are destined to be closed by March 2021 (see the Perspective by Zhou and Shi). Toward the end of June 2020, 68% of mink farm workers tested positive for the virus or had antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. These large clusters of infection were initiated by human COVID-19 cases with viruses that bear the D614G mutation. Sequencing has subsequently shown that mink-to-human transmission also occurred. More work must be done to understand whether there is a risk that mustelids may become a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. Science, this issue p. 172; see also p. 120 Genetic evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 transmission occurred from humans to mink as well as from mink to humans on farms in the Netherlands. Animal experiments have shown that nonhuman primates, cats, ferrets, hamsters, rabbits, and bats can be infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In addition, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in felids, mink, and dogs in the field. Here, we describe an in-depth investigation using whole-genome sequencing of outbreaks on 16 mink farms and the humans living or working on these farms. We conclude that the virus was initially introduced by humans and has since evolved, most likely reflecting widespread circulation among mink in the beginning of the infection period, several weeks before detection. Despite enhanced biosecurity, early warning surveillance, and immediate culling of animals in affected farms, transmission occurred between mink farms in three large transmission clusters with unknown modes of transmission. Of the tested mink farm residents, employees, and/or individuals with whom they had been in contact, 68% had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Individuals for which whole genomes were available were shown to have been infected with strains with an animal sequence signature, providing evidence of animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within mink farms.

中文翻译：

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SARS-CoV-2 在水貂养殖场中在人与水貂之间以及再向人之间的传播

水貂养殖场的双向传播 严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 是一种人畜共患病毒——一种从另一个物种溢出并在人类中感染和传播的病毒。我们知道，人类可以用 SARS-CoV-2 感染其他动物，例如家猫，甚至动物园里的老虎。Oude Munnink 等。使用全基因组测序显示 SARS-CoV-2 感染在荷兰东南部的水貂养殖场中很普遍，所有这些养殖场都将在 2021 年 3 月关闭（参见 Zhou 和 Shi 的观点）。到 2020 年 6 月底，68% 的水貂养殖场工人的病毒检测呈阳性或具有 SARS-CoV-2 抗体。这些大型感染群是由带有 D614G 突变病毒的人类 COVID-19 病例引发的。随后的测序表明，也发生了貂对人的传播。必须做更多的工作来了解鼬科是否有可能成为 SARS-CoV-2 的宿主。科学，这个问题 p。172; 另见第 120 遗传证据表明，SARS-CoV-2 在荷兰的农场中发生在人与水貂之间以及水貂与人之间的传播。动物实验表明，非人类灵长类动物、猫、雪貂、仓鼠、兔子和蝙蝠都可以感染严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）。此外，在野外的猫科动物、水貂和狗身上也检测到了 SARS-CoV-2 RNA。在这里，我们描述了使用全基因组测序对 16 个水貂养殖场以及在这些养殖场生活或工作的人类进行的暴发的深入调查。我们得出的结论是，该病毒最初是由人类引入的，并且已经进化了，最有可能反映了感染期开始时，即发现前几周水貂之间的广泛传播。尽管在受影响的养殖场加强了生物安全、预警监测和立即扑杀动物，但在三个未知传播模式的大型传播集群中，水貂养殖场之间仍发生传播。在接受测试的水貂养殖场居民、雇员和/或与他们接触过的个人中，68% 有 SARS-CoV-2 感染的证据。研究表明，可获得全基因组的个体感染了具有动物序列特征的菌株，这为水貂养殖场内 SARS-CoV-2 的动物间传播提供了证据。并立即扑杀受影响农场的动物，在三个未知传播模式的大型传播集群中的水貂养殖场之间发生传播。在接受测试的水貂养殖场居民、雇员和/或与他们接触过的个人中，68% 有 SARS-CoV-2 感染的证据。研究表明，可获得全基因组的个体感染了具有动物序列特征的菌株，这为水貂养殖场内 SARS-CoV-2 的动物间传播提供了证据。并立即扑杀受影响农场的动物，在三个未知传播模式的大型传播集群中的水貂养殖场之间发生传播。在接受测试的水貂养殖场居民、雇员和/或与他们接触过的个人中，68% 有 SARS-CoV-2 感染的证据。研究表明，可获得全基因组的个体感染了具有动物序列特征的菌株，这为水貂养殖场内 SARS-CoV-2 的动物间传播提供了证据。