This study reports a facile fabrication of black TiO2-x/NiFe2O4 (Ti3+ self-doped titania coupled with nickel ferrite), an efficient sonocatalyst for ibuprofen (IBP) mitigation. Compared with TiO2-x or NiFe2O4, TiO2-x/NiFe2O4 heterojunction displayed higher sonocatalytic activity, and their immobilization onto diatomaceous earth (DE) further enhanced mitigation efficiency due to the synergy between adsorption and sonocatalysis. About 96.7% of 10 mg/L IBP was removed in 100 min using 0.7 g/L catalyst at pH=6, with the ultrasonic power of 144 W and frequency of 60 KHz. Quenching experiment results demonstrated the roles of reactive species. The intermediates during IBP sono-oxidation were determined by HPLC-MS method, and the acute toxicity was evaluated. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism was proposed. The sonocatalyst revealed excellent reusability, suggesting itself promising for wastewater treatment.

中文翻译：

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在硅藻土上制备具有增强的声催化活性的黑色 TiO2-x/NiFe2O4 用于缓解布洛芬

该研究报告了一种黑色 TiO2-x/NiFe2O4（Ti3+ 自掺杂二氧化钛与镍铁氧体结合）的简易制造，这是一种用于布洛芬 (IBP) 缓解的有效声波催化剂。与 TiO2-x 或 NiFe2O4 相比，TiO2-x/NiFe2O4 异质结表现出更高的声催化活性，并且由于吸附和声催化之间的协同作用，将它们固定在硅藻土 (DE) 上进一步提高了缓解效率。使用 0.7 g/L 催化剂，pH=6，超声波功率 144 W，频率 60 KHz，100 分钟内去除约 96.7% 的 10 mg/L IBP。淬火实验结果证明了活性物质的作用。采用HPLC-MS法测定IBP声氧化过程中的中间体，并评价其急性毒性。此外，还提出了反应机理。