Neutral heavier group 13 metals aluminum, gallium, and indium have been utilized as Lewis acid catalysts in various organic transformations ranging from classical organic reactions to polymerization reactions. The introduction of cationic charge can enhance the Lewis acidity of metal centers and allow cationic group 13 complexes to be excellent catalysts in Lewis acid catalysis, including most of the transformations achieved with neutral group 13 complexes. While cationic aluminum complexes have been investigated extensively in catalysis, there is a more recent push to explore the catalytic reactivities of cationic gallium and indium complexes. The field of cationic group 13 complexes has been expanding with discrete cationic complexes supported by purposely designed ligands. This review aims to provide an overview of what has been done to date and ideas of what can be possibly done from now in the growing field of cationic group 13 complexes as catalysts.

中文翻译：

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阳离子铝，镓和铟络合物的催化作用

在从经典有机反应到聚合反应的各种有机转化中，中性较重的13族金属铝，镓和铟已被用作路易斯酸催化剂。阳离子电荷的引入可以增强金属中心的路易斯酸度，并使阳离子13号配合物成为路易斯酸催化的优秀催化剂，包括使用中性13号配合物实现的大多数转化。阳离子铝络合物已在催化方面进行了广泛研究，但最近出现了探索阳离子镓和铟络合物的催化反应性的最新动向。阳离子基团13配合物的领域不断扩大，其中有专门设计的配体支持的离散阳离子配合物。