Polyester fiber is a manufactured fiber composed of synthetic linear macromolecules in the chain at least 85% by mass of an ester of diol and benzene-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid). Fibers of the most common polyester, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET or PET), are generally made from either terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate together with ethylene glycol. Dyeing of polyester fabric with disperse dyes, polyester requires the use of dispersing agents. The chemical characteristics and general application conditions of disperse dyes are characterized by the absence of solubilizing groups and low molecular weight. Dye particles have a size ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 microns, generally contain –NH2, substituted –NH2, or –OH groups in the structure, and get attached with the fiber through H-bond and van der Waals force. Dyes are retained by the fiber by physical forces. Fastness properties are very high in polyester except in certain cases. The dye-fiber (PET) affinity is the result of different types of interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions, and van der Waals forces.

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涤纶染色用染料与涤纶纤维分子间作用力的研究进展

聚酯纤维是由合成线性高分子在链中至少 85 质量％的二醇和苯-1, 4-二羧酸（对苯二甲酸）的酯组成的人造纤维。最常见的聚酯纤维聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET 或 PET）通常由对苯二甲酸或对苯二甲酸二甲酯与乙二醇一起制成。涤纶织物用分散染料染色，涤纶需要使用分散剂。分散染料的化学特性和一般应用条件的特点是不存在增溶基团和低分子量。染料颗粒的尺寸为0.5至2.0微米，结构中通常含有–NH2、取代–NH2或–OH基团，并通过H键和范德华力与纤维结合。染料通过物理力被纤维保留。除某些情况外，涤纶的牢度性能非常高。染料-纤维 (PET) 亲和力是不同类型相互作用的结果，例如氢键、偶极-偶极相互作用和范德华力。