Pathogenic bacteria adhesion and formation of biofilm on the implant are the most common reasons for healthcare-associated device failure. Cationic amphiphilic polymer brushes containing covalently linked quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) are considered to be the most promising bactericidal materials, but these surfaces still suffer from incomplete bactericidal ability and serious microorganism accumulation. With this in mind, a novel kind of hierarchical surface integrating both geminized cationic amphiphilic antibacterial upper layer and zwitterionic antifouling sublayer has been developed in this study. Measurements of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, water contact angle, and surface ζ-potential were performed to investigate the surface functionalization process. The thicknesses and grafting densities of the pAGC₈ upper blocks have been optimized to avert the mutual interference among different components. The optimal hierarchical surface exhibits an ultrahigh antibacterial activity and a potent self-cleaning functionality against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, as well as a certain protein repellence ability. Such a novel hierarchical architecture provides innovative guidance for the construction of super-antibacterial and self-cleaning brushes in many biomedical applications.

中文翻译：

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萌芽的阳离子两亲聚合物刷启发的分层表面具有超强的抗菌和自清洁性能

病原菌粘附和植入物上生物膜的形成是医疗相关设备故障的最常见原因。包含共价连接的季铵盐（QAS）的阳离子两亲性聚合物刷被认为是最有前途的杀菌材料，但是这些表面仍然具有不完全的杀菌能力和严重的微生物积累。考虑到这一点，在本研究中开发了一种新型的分层表面，该表面结合了宝石化的阳离子两亲抗菌上层和两性离子防污子层。进行了X射线光电子能谱，椭圆偏振光谱，原子力显微镜，水接触角和表面ζ电位的测量，以研究表面官能化过程。优化了_8个上部模块，以防止不同组件之间的相互干扰。最佳的分层表面对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有超高的抗菌活性和强大的自清洁功能，并具有一定的蛋白排斥能力。这种新颖的分层体系结构为许多生物医学应用中超级抗菌和自清洁刷的构造提供了创新的指导。