A fluorescent probe for the monitoring of H₂S levels in living cells and organisms is highly desirable. In this regard, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes have emerged as a promising tool. NIR-I and NIR-II probes have many significant advantages; for instance, NIR light penetrates deeper into tissue than light at visible wavelengths, and it causes less photodamage during biosample analysis and less autofluorescence, enabling higher signal-to-background ratios. Therefore, it is expected that fluorescent probes having emission in the NIR region are more suitable for in vivo imaging. Consequently, a considerable increase in reports of new H₂S-responsive NIR fluorescent probes appeared in the literature. This review highlights the advances made in developing new NIR fluorescent probes aimed at the sensitive and selective detection of H₂S in biological samples. Their applications in real-time monitoring of H₂S in cells and in vivo for bioimaging of living cells/animals are emphasized. The selection of suitable dyes for designing NIR fluorescent probes, along with the principles and mechanisms involved for the sensing of H₂S in the NIR region, are described. The discussions are focused on small-molecule and nanomaterials-based NIR probes.

中文翻译：

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气体信号分子硫化氢的近红外荧光探针传感与生物成像

非常需要用于监测活细胞和生物中H ₂ S水平的荧光探针。在这方面，近红外（NIR）荧光探针已成为一种有前途的工具。NIR-I和NIR-II探针具有许多重要的优势；例如，近红外光比可见波长的光更深地渗透到组织中，并且在生物样品分析过程中引起的光损伤更少，自发荧光更少，从而实现了更高的信噪比。因此，期望在NIR区域具有发射的荧光探针更适合于体内成像。因此，关于新H _2的报告大大增加了S响应NIR荧光探针出现在文献中。这篇综述亮点制定旨在H的灵敏度和选择性检测新NIR荧光探针取得的进展₂的生物样品英寸 强调了它们在细胞和体内H ₂ S实时监测中对活细胞/动物进行生物成像的应用。描述了用于设计NIR荧光探针的合适染料的选择，以及在NIR区域中感测H ₂ S涉及的原理和机制。讨论集中在基于小分子和纳米材料的NIR探针上。