Cephalopods represent a rich system for investigating the genetic basis underlying organismal novelties. This diverse group of specialized predators has evolved many adaptations including proteinaceous venom. Of particular interest is the blue-ringed octopus genus (Hapalochlaena), which are the only octopods known to store large quantities of the potent neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin, within their tissues and venom gland.

中文翻译：

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章鱼的适应性毒液进化和毒性是由广泛的新基因形成、扩展和丢失驱动的


头足类动物代表了一个丰富的系统，可用于研究生物体新颖性​​的遗传基础。这个多样化的专门捕食者群体已经进化出许多适应能力，包括蛋白质毒液。特别令人感兴趣的是蓝环章鱼属（ Hapalochlaena ），它们是唯一已知在其组织和毒腺中储存大量强效神经毒素河豚毒素的章鱼。