The 1918 Influenza pandemic had long-term impacts on the cohort exposed in utero which experienced earlier adult mortality, and more diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and depression after age 50. It is possible that the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic will also have long-term impacts on the cohort that was in utero during the pandemic, from exposure to maternal infection and/or the stress of the pandemic environment. We discuss how COVID-19 disease during pregnancy may affect fetal and postnatal development with adverse impacts on health and aging. Severe maternal infections are associated with an exaggerated inflammatory response, thromboembolic events, and placental vascular malperfusion. We also discuss how in utero exposure to the stress of the pandemic, without maternal infection, may impact health and aging. Several recently initiated birth cohort studies are tracking neonatal health following in utero severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure. We suggest these cohort studies develop plans for longer-term observations of physical, behavioral, and cognitive functions that are markers for accelerated aging, as well as methods to disentangle the effects of maternal infection from stresses of the pandemic environment. In utero exposure to COVID-19 disease could cause developmental difficulties and accelerated aging in the century ahead. This brief review summarizes elements of the developmental origins of health, disease, and ageing and discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic might exacerbate such effects. We conclude with a call for research on the long-term consequences of in utero exposure to maternal infection with COVID-19 and stresses of the pandemic environment.

中文翻译：

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产前接触 SARS-CoV-2 是否会定义未来一个世纪加速衰老的出生队列？


1918 年流感大流行对暴露人群产生了长期影响在子宫内50 岁后，成年人死亡率较早，糖尿病、缺血性心脏病和抑郁症发病率更高。2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行也可能对过去的人群产生长期影响。在子宫内在大流行期间，由于暴露于孕产妇感染和/或大流行环境的压力。我们讨论怀孕期间的 COVID-19 疾病如何影响胎儿和产后发育，并对健康和衰老产生不利影响。严重的孕产妇感染与过度的炎症反应、血栓栓塞事件和胎盘血管灌注不良有关。我们还讨论如何在子宫内暴露在大流行的压力下，如果没有孕产妇感染，可能会影响健康和衰老。最近启动的几项出生队列研究正在追踪新生儿的健康状况在子宫内严重急性呼吸综合征病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 暴露。我们建议这些队列研究制定计划，对身体、行为和认知功能进行长期观察，这些功能是加速衰老的标志，以及消除孕产妇感染与大流行环境压力的影响的方法。在子宫内接触 COVID-19 疾病可能会导致未来一个世纪的发育困难并加速衰老。这篇简短的回顾总结了健康、疾病和衰老的发育起源的要素，并讨论了 COVID-19 大流行如何可能加剧这些影响。 最后，我们呼吁对长期后果进行研究在子宫内暴露于感染了 COVID-19 的孕产妇以及大流行环境的压力。