Naphthalene diimide (NDI) is an electron-deficient, robust, and planar molecule. These characteristics make it highly applicable to electronic devices that take advantage of their electric character, for imide group-based supramolecular materials that utilize hydrogen bonding, or for sensing materials with a combination of functional groups. Water-soluble NDI binds to a DNA duplex via the threading intercalation mode. Such NDI has enabled the development of unique DNA analytical techniques, functional DNA polymers, and supramolecular polymers. A ferrocene-containing NDI, possessing electrochemically active sites, has been applied to an electrochemical gene detection system and utilized in the precision analysis of genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Recently, a DNA quadruplex was identified as one of the noncanonical DNA structures formed by a guanine quartet (G4). The latter serves as one of the control units of gene expression and is associated with cancer development. A stable complex was formed between electron-deficient NDI and the electron-rich G4 planes. Since the G4 stabilizer is recognized as an anticancer agent with relatively few side effects, NDI derivatives may serve as potential candidates for anticancer therapeutics or for designing a unique cancer-detection system. Water-soluble Naphthalene diimide (NDI) binds to the DNA duplex via threading intercalation mode. This has provided unique DNA analytical techniques, functional DNA polymers, and supramolecular polymers. Especially the ferrocene-containing NDIs, having electrochemically active sites, has been applied to an electrochemical gene detection system and also utilized in the precision analysis of genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Recently, NDI derivatives have been recognizing as potential candidate for anticancer therapeutics and for designing a unique cancer-detection system.

中文翻译：

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萘二亚胺在生物技术中的应用

萘二亚胺 (NDI) 是一种缺电子、坚固的平面分子。这些特性使其非常适用于利用其电特性的电子设备、利用氢键的基于酰亚胺基团的超分子材料，或用于具有官能团组合的传感材料。水溶性 NDI 通过穿线嵌入模式与 DNA 双链体结合。这种 NDI 使独特的 DNA 分析技术、功能性 DNA 聚合物和超分子聚合物的开发成为可能。含有二茂铁的 NDI 具有电化学活性位点，已应用于电化学基因检测系统，并用于基因和单核苷酸多态性的精确分析。最近，DNA 四链体被鉴定为由鸟嘌呤四联体 (G4) 形成的非规范 DNA 结构之一。后者作为基因表达的控制单位之一，与癌症的发展有关。在缺电子的 NDI 和富电子的 G4 平面之间形成了稳定的复合物。由于 G4 稳定剂被认为是一种副作用相对较少的抗癌剂，因此 NDI 衍生物可作为抗癌疗法或设计独特的癌症检测系统的潜在候选物。水溶性萘二亚胺 (NDI) 通过穿线嵌入模式与 DNA 双链体结合。这提供了独特的 DNA 分析技术、功能性 DNA 聚合物和超分子聚合物。特别是含有二茂铁的 NDI，具有电化学活性位点，已应用于电化学基因检测系统，也用于基因和单核苷酸多态性的精确分析。最近，NDI 衍生物被认为是抗癌疗法和设计独特的癌症检测系统的潜在候选者。