The occurrence of synthetic and natural hormones in an aqueous environment poses significant risks to humans because of their endocrine-disrupting activity. Autonomous self-propelled and remotely actuated nano/microrobots have emerged as a new field that encompasses a wide range of potential applications, including sensing, detection and elimination/degradation of emerging pollutants. In this work, we develop programmable polypyrrole-based (PPy, outer functional layer) microrobots incorporated with a Pt catalytic layer and paramagnetic iron nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) to provide self-propulsion and a magnetic response for the highly efficient removal of oestrogenic pollutants. As the pH of the tested water alters, the surface charge of PPy/Fe₃O₄/Pt microrobots gradually changes, leading to affinity modulation. As microrobots move inside the solution, they collect oestrogen fibres and subsequently weave macroscopic webs on the surface. Our results suggest that motion-controllable microrobots with adjustable surface chemistry could provide a suitable platform for the highly efficient removal of hormonal pollutants.

在水性环境中，合成激素和天然激素的出现会对人体构成重大威胁，因为它们会破坏内分泌。自主自我驱动和远程驱动的纳米/微型机器人已成为一个新领域，涵盖了广泛的潜在应用，包括新兴污染物的感测，检测和消除/降解。在这项工作中，我们开发了可编程的基于聚吡咯（PPy，外部功能层）的微型机器人，该机器人结合了Pt催化层和顺磁性铁纳米颗粒（Fe ₃ O ₄），可为高效去除雌激素提供自推进和磁响应污染物。随着测试水的pH值变化，PPy / Fe ₃ O ₄的表面电荷/ Pt微型机器人逐渐改变，导致亲和力调节。当微型机器人在溶液内部移动时，它们会收集雌激素纤维，然后在表面编织宏观的网。我们的研究结果表明，具有可调节表面化学性质的运动可控微型机器人可以为高效去除激素污染物提供合适的平台。