Growing environmental concern has increased the demand for clean energy, and various technologies have been developed to utilize renewable energy sources. With the development of highly efficient energy conversion and storage systems, fundamental studies on the electrochemistry of electrodes are critical because the functionality of most of these systems relies on interfacial electrochemical reactions that occur on the surfaces of the electrodes. In this context, efficient electrode design methods are required to study specific electrochemical principles and the mechanisms of interfacial reactions on the surface of electrodes.

中文翻译：

---

多层电极的电化学：从基础到能源应用

对环境的日益关注增加了对清洁能源的需求，并且已经开发出各种技术来利用可再生能源。随着高效的能量转换和存储系统的发展，对电极电化学的基础研究变得至关重要，因为大多数这些系统的功能都依赖于发生在电极表面的界面电化学反应。在这种情况下，需要有效的电极设计方法来研究特定的电化学原理和电极表面上的界面反应机理。