Abstract

Rising anthropogenic CO₂ emissions and global temperatures are a technological, social, and political challenge. These necessitate deep decarbonization through carbon management strategies for sustained climate action. Cost-effective transportation of CO₂ from point sources to utilization and storage sites is a significant bottleneck for at-scale carbon management. A new mechanism to achieve international cooperation on carbon management through effective CO₂-source and CO₂-use or sequestration matching is addressed in this paper. The mechanism is founded on utilizing the growth of global LNG trade to transport CO₂ over long distances via dual-use vessels that carry CO₂ on their return journey following LNG delivery. A foundational carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS)-based economic model for the utilization of CO₂ originating in South Korea and Japan via enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in the offshore U.S. is explored. The model sets forth the objectives, scale, costs, and implications for the international trade and commoditization of CO₂, as against its current status of a waste product. Further, policy frameworks that can accelerate the international trade of CO₂ via this dual-use shipping model are discussed.

摘要

人为的CO ₂排放和全球温度上升是一项技术，社会和政治挑战。这些都需要通过碳管理策略进行深度脱碳，以实现持续的气候行动。从点源到利用和储存地点的经济有效的CO ₂输送是大规模碳管理的重大瓶颈。本文提出了一种通过有效的CO _2来源和CO _2的使用或封存匹配实现碳管理国际合作的新机制。该机制建立在利用全球液化天然气贸易的增长，通过携带CO _2的两用船长距离运输C​​O _2的基础上在液化天然气交付后的返回旅程中。探索了基于碳捕集，利用和封存（CCUS）的经济模型，该模型用于通过美国近海的强化采油（EOR）来利用源自韩国和日本的CO ₂。该模型提出了目标，规模，成本以及对CO ₂的国际贸易和商品化的影响，以及废弃物的当前状态。此外，还讨论了可以通过这种双重用途运输模式加速CO ₂国际贸易的政策框架。