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The roles and functions of Paneth cells in Crohn’s disease: A critical review
Cell Proliferation ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 , DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12958
Erpeng Yang 1 , Jun Shen 1
Affiliation  

Paneth cells (PCs) are located at the base of small intestinal crypts and secrete the α‐defensins, human α‐defensin 5 (HD‐5) and human α‐defensin 6 (HD‐6) in response to bacterial, cholinergic and other stimuli. The α‐defensins are broad‐spectrum microbicides that play critical roles in controlling gut microbiota and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD), is a complicated autoimmune disorder. The pathogenesis of CD involves genetic factors, environmental factors and microflora. Surprisingly, with regard to genetic factors, many susceptible genes and pathogenic pathways of CD, including nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), autophagy‐related 16‐like 1 (ATG16L1), immunity‐related guanosine triphosphatase family M (IRGM), wingless‐related integration site (Wnt), leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), histone deacetylases (HDACs), caspase‐8 (Casp8) and X‐box‐binding protein‐1 (XBP1), are relevant to PCs. As the underlying mechanisms are being unravelled, PCs are identified as the central element of CD pathogenesis, integrating factors among microbiota, intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and the immune system. In the present review, we demonstrate how these genes and pathways regulate CD pathogenesis via their action on PCs and what treatment modalities can be applied to deal with these PC‐mediated pathogenic processes.

中文翻译:

Paneth 细胞在克罗恩病中的作用和功能:批判性评论

潘氏细胞 (PC) 位于小肠隐窝的底部,分泌 α-防御素、人 α-防御素 5 (HD-5) 和人 α-防御素 6 (HD-6) 以响应细菌、胆碱能和其他刺激。α-防御素是广谱杀菌剂,在控制肠道微生物群和维持肠道稳态方面发挥着关键作用。炎症性肠病,包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病 (CD),是一种复杂的自身免疫性疾病。CD的发病机制涉及遗传因素、环境因素和微生物群落。令人惊讶的是,关于遗传因素,CD 的许多易感基因和致病途径,包括核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域 2(NOD2)、自噬相关 16-like 1(ATG16L1)、免疫相关鸟苷三磷酸酶家族 M(IRGM)、无翼相关整合位点 (Wnt)、富含亮氨酸重复激酶 2 (LRRK2)、组蛋白去乙酰化酶 (HDAC)、caspase-8 (Casp8) 和 X-box 结合蛋白-1 (XBP1) 与 PC 相关。随着潜在机制的解开,PC 被确定为 CD 发病机制的核心要素,整合了微生物群、肠上皮屏障功能障碍和免疫系统之间的因素。在本综述中,我们展示了这些基因和通路如何通过它们对 PC 的作用来调节 CD 发病机制,以及可以应用哪些治疗方式来处理这些 PC 介导的致病过程。PCs 被认为是 CD 发病机制的核心要素,整合了微生物群、肠上皮屏障功能障碍和免疫系统之间的因素。在本综述中,我们展示了这些基因和途径如何通过它们对 PC 的作用来调节 CD 发病机制,以及可以应用哪些治疗方式来处理这些 PC 介导的致病过程。PCs 被认为是 CD 发病机制的核心要素,整合了微生物群、肠上皮屏障功能障碍和免疫系统之间的因素。在本综述中,我们展示了这些基因和通路如何通过它们对 PC 的作用来调节 CD 发病机制,以及可以应用哪些治疗方式来处理这些 PC 介导的致病过程。
更新日期:2020-11-11
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