The aims of the present study were to determine uterine, vaginal and placental blood flows by Doppler ultrasound cross‐buffalo gestation and to evaluate the relationships among reproductive Doppler parameters and serum metabolic parameters as well as oxidative stress. Uterine (UA) and vaginal (VA) arteries were scanned every month, and placentome was scanned from month 4 till 8 in gestation. Time‐averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), systolic/diastolic ratio (SD) and arterial diameter (AD) were used for accessing UA and VA hemodynamics. Time‐averaged maximum velocity positively correlated with and AD, and both negatively correlated with their PI, RI and SD in UA and VA. TAMV and AD increased constantly in pregnancy, with maximum increase in months 4 and 9. Pulsatility index, RI and AD of UA decreased between months 4 and 9, while PI, RI and AD of VA decreased between months 5 and 9 and then increased in month 10 in pregnancy. Time‐averaged maximum velocity of placentome blood flow increased exponentially from months 4 to 8, but decreased at the last two months in pregnancy. Serum lipids were significantly higher in the first month compared to all other months, while glucose was significantly lower in months 9 and 10. Malondialdehyde increased from month 3 till term, but peaked in month 5 and 10. Glutathione and catalase were highest in the first month and remained after. Time‐averaged maximum velocity and AD for both UA and VA negatively correlated with serum lipids, glucose, catalase and glutathione, while positively correlated with malondialdehyde and total protein. Thus, increases in uterine blood flow (UtBF), vaginal blood flow (VaBF) and placental blood flow (PaBF) are associated with increased metabolism and oxidative stress in buffalo pregnancy.

中文翻译：

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水牛的妊娠期间子宫，阴道和胎盘的血流量随着血清代谢参数和氧化应激的动态变化而增加

本研究的目的是通过多普勒超声交叉水牛妊娠确定子宫，阴道和胎盘的血流，并评估生殖多普勒参数与血清代谢参数以及氧化应激之间的关系。每月扫描子宫（UA）和阴道（VA）动脉，并在妊娠的第4个月至第8个月扫描胎盘。使用时均最大速度（TAMV），搏动指数（PI），阻力指数（RI），收缩压/舒张压比（SD）和动脉直径（AD）来获取UA和VA的血流动力学。时间平均最大速度与和AD正相关，而与它们的PI，RI和SD均负相关在UA和VA中。妊娠期TAMV和AD持续增加，在第4和9个月最大增加。在4和9个月之间，UA的搏动指数，RI和AD下降，而在VA的PI，RI和AD在5和9个月下降，然后在12个月上升。怀孕第10个月。胎盘血流的时间平均最大速度从第4个月到第8个月呈指数增长，但在怀孕的最后两个月下降。与其他所有月份相比，第一个月的血脂显着升高，而葡萄糖在第9和10个月则显着降低。丙二醛从第3个月到足月均升高，但在第5和10个月达到峰值。一个月，并保持。UA和VA的时间平均最大速度和AD与血脂，葡萄糖，过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽，而与丙二醛和总蛋白正相关。因此，水牛妊娠中子宫血流量（UtBF），阴道血流量（VaBF）和胎盘血流量（PaBF）的增加与新陈代谢增加和氧化应激有关。