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Concatenated data and dense taxon sampling clarify phylogeny and ecological transitions within Hypotricha
Zoologica Scripta ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 , DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12459
Jiahui Xu 1 , Mark Wilkinson 2 , Miaoying Chen 1 , Qi Zhang 1 , Ran Yang 1 , Zhenzhen Yi 1
Affiliation  

Ciliates are single‐cell eukaryotes playing important roles in various ecosystems. Phylogenetic relationships within Hypotricha, one of the most polymorphic and highly derived ciliate groups, remain uncertain. Previous studies suggested that low genetic divergence might be the reason for poorly supported SSU rDNA tree topologies, despite the high morphological diversity of this group. In this study, we substantially increase the number of available hypotrich LSU rDNA gene sequences by the addition of 857 environmental sequences, and we investigate whether a more divergent gene and dense taxon sampling could better resolve the phylogeny of Hypotricha and shed light on the patterns of ecological transitions in the evolutionary history of the group. Pairwise distances of LSU rDNA sequences are generally higher than those for SSU rDNA within each order of Hypotricha, and both concatenated rDNA and LSU rDNA trees provide more resolution for hypotrich phylogenetics. Three traditional (morphology based) hypotrich orders, Stichotrichida, Sporadotrichida and Urostylida, are polyphyletic, but a monophyletic core Urostylida are found in our trees. A brackish/marine environment is inferred as ancestral within Hypotricha, with subsequent ecological diversification into freshwater, soil environments before the origin of major clades and some transitions back to the marine. However, inferred ecological transitions in Hypotricha are influenced by genes, methods and taxa.

中文翻译:

串联数据和密集分类单元采样阐明了 Hypotricha 内的系统发育和生态转变

纤毛虫是单细胞真核生物,在各种生态系统中发挥着重要作用。Hypotricha 是最多态性和高度衍生的纤毛虫类群之一,其系统发育关系仍然不确定。先前的研究表明,尽管该组的形态多样性很高,但低遗传差异可能是 SSU rDNA 树拓扑支持不佳的原因。在这项研究中,我们通过添加 857 个环境序列大大增加了可用的 Hypotrich LSU rDNA 基因序列的数量,我们研究了更发散的基因和密集的分类群采样是否可以更好地解析 Hypotricha 的系统发育并阐明群体进化史上的生态转变。LSU rDNA 序列的成对距离通常高于每个 Hypotricha 目内的 SSU rDNA,并且串联 rDNA 和 LSU rDNA 树都为hypotricha 系统发育提供了更高的分辨率。三种传统的(基于形态学的)hypotrich 目 Stichotrichida、Sporadotrichida 和 Urostylida 是多系的,但在我们的树中发现了单系核心 Urostylida。咸水/海洋环境被推断为 Hypotricha 的祖先,随后在主要进化枝起源之前生态多样化为淡水、土壤环境,并且一些过渡回海洋。然而,Hypotricha 推断的生态转变受基因、方法和分类群的影响。三种传统的(基于形态学的)hypotrich 目 Stichotrichida、Sporadotrichida 和 Urostylida 是多系的,但在我们的树中发现了单系核心 Urostylida。咸水/海洋环境被推断为 Hypotricha 的祖先,随后在主要进化枝起源之前生态多样化为淡水、土壤环境,并且一些过渡回海洋。然而,Hypotricha 推断的生态转变受基因、方法和分类群的影响。三种传统的(基于形态学的)hypotrich 目 Stichotrichida、Sporadotrichida 和 Urostylida 是多系的,但在我们的树中发现了单系核心 Urostylida。咸水/海洋环境被推断为 Hypotricha 的祖先,随后在主要进化枝起源之前生态多样化为淡水、土壤环境,并且一些过渡回海洋。然而,Hypotricha 推断的生态转变受基因、方法和分类群的影响。主要进化枝起源之前的土壤环境和一些过渡回海洋。然而,Hypotricha 推断的生态转变受基因、方法和分类群的影响。主要进化枝起源之前的土壤环境和一些过渡回海洋。然而,Hypotricha 推断的生态转变受基因、方法和分类群的影响。
更新日期:2020-11-11
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