Evolution of flooding tolerance in weedy rice has occurred in several rice‐growing regions, but the genes related to this process and the environmental effects are unknown. The objective of this study was to analyse the expression of genes related to flooding tolerance in response to temperature and flooding during the initial establishment of weedy rice. The experiments were carried out with rice cultivars IRGA 417 and Nipponbare, which are sensitive to flooding, and weedy rice ITJ03 and AV04 genotypes that have high and intermediate tolerance to flooding, respectively. The expression of genes related to reserve mobilisation, anaerobic respiration, escape and quiescence strategies was analysed at periods up to 24 days after sowing. The flooding tolerance of weedy rice genotype ITJ03 was associated with the expression of RAmy3D and OsTPP7 , which are involved in the mobilisation of carbohydrate reserves, ADH1 and ADH2, which participate in anaerobic respiration, and SNRKL1 that triggers rapid elongation of the coleoptile and emergence. Although the genes PDC1, SUS3 and SUB1 are important for flooding tolerance in cultivated rice, their expression was not directly related to flooding tolerance in weedy rice. A temperature of 20°C reduced levels of expression of the RAmy3D, ADH2 and SNRKL1 genes and low temperature had a negative effect on the establishment of weedy rice. Breeding of rice genotypes with tolerance of low temperatures and anaerobic conditions may be a viable strategy to improve the control of weedy rice in paddy fields.

中文翻译：

---

杂草水稻发芽和早期生长过程中的耐洪相关基因

几个水稻种植区已经发生了杂草稻的耐旱性演变，但是与该过程有关的基因和环境影响尚不清楚。这项研究的目的是分析杂草稻最初建立过程中与温度和水淹响应的水淹耐受相关基因的表达。实验分别对水淹敏感的水稻品种IRGA 417和Nipponbare以及对水淹具有高耐受性的杂草水稻ITJ03和AV04基因型进行。在播种后长达24天的时间里分析与储备动员，无氧呼吸，逃避和静止策略相关的基因表达。基因型ITJ03的杂草水稻耐水性与水稻表达的相关性。RAmy3D和OsTPP7，其涉及动员碳水化合物储备的ADH1和ADH2，其参与厌氧呼吸，并SNRKL1触发胚芽鞘和出现的快速伸长。尽管基因PDC1，SUS3和SUB1对于栽培稻的耐潮性很重要，但它们的表达与杂草稻的耐潮性没有直接关系。20°C的温度会降低RAmy3D，ADH2和SNRKL1的表达水平基因和低温对杂草稻的建立有不利影响。耐受低温和厌氧条件的水稻基因型育种可能是提高稻田对杂草水稻控制的可行策略。