Like other aspiring geologists in the 1830s, Darwin focused heavily on the rising and falling of the earth's crust. I use his time in the Andes to underscore the importance he placed on larger questions of vertical movement, which mountains helped to solidify in his mind. His most impressive ramblings occurred in 1835 on two high passes in the Andes. Prior to his upland journey, he was well prepared to see the gradual movement of the earth's crust, but his time in the mountains honed his vertical vision. His actual travels up and over enabled him to think more clearly about rise and fall, and how corresponding geographies could link the past to the present. Mountains were instructive backdrops to his theorizing, partly because he traveled through them, but also because his time there, linked with other geographies, became a means to foster his thinking both spatially and temporally. He did not think about mountains, but with them and through them. He is a good example of the broader vertical consciousness that directed many sciences at this time.

中文翻译：

---

达尔文的垂直思维：山脉，流动性和19世纪地质学中的想象力

像1830年代其他有抱负的地质学家一样，达尔文非常关注地壳的上升和下降。我利用他在安第斯山脉中的时间来强调他对更大的垂直运动问题的重视，山峰有助于巩固他的思想。1835年，他最令人印象深刻的漫步发生在安第斯山脉的两次高空穿越。在进行高地旅行之前，他已经做好充分准备，可以看到地壳的逐渐运动，但是他在山区的时间磨练了他的垂直视野。他的实际旅行四处走动，使他能够更清楚地思考上升和下降以及相应的地理位置如何将过去与现在联系起来。山脉是他进行理论研究的有益背景，部分原因是他穿越了山脉，还因为他在那里的时间与其他地理环境联系在一起，成为在空间和时间上促进他的思维的一种手段。他没有考虑过高山，而是与高山并肩而过。他是此时指导许多科学的更广泛的垂直意识的一个很好的例子。