Although natural resource managers are concerned about climate change, many are unable to adequately incorporate climate change science into their adaptation strategies or management plans, and are not always aware of or do not always employ the most current scientific knowledge. One of the most prominent natural resource management agencies in the United States is the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), which is tasked with managing over 248 million acres (>1 million km²) of public lands for multiple, often conflicting, uses. Climate change will affect the sustainability of many of these land uses and could further increase conflicts between them. As such, the purpose of our study was to determine the extent to which climate change will affect public land uses, and whether the BLM is managing for such predicted effects. To do so, we first conducted a systematic review of peer‐reviewed literature that discussed potential impacts of climate change on the multiple land uses the BLM manages in the Intermountain West, USA, and then expanded these results with a synthesis of projected vegetation changes. Finally, we conducted a content analysis of BLM Resource Management Plans in order to determine how climate change is explicitly addressed by BLM managers, and whether such plans reflect changes predicted by the scientific literature. We found that active resource use generally threatens intrinsic values such as conservation and ecosystem services on BLM land, and climate change is expected to exacerbate these threats in numerous ways. Additionally, our synthesis of vegetation modeling suggests substantial changes in vegetation due to climate change. However, BLM plans rarely referred to climate change explicitly and did not reflect the results of the literature review or vegetation model synthesis. Our results suggest there is a disconnect between management of BLM lands and the best available science on climate change. We recommend that the BLM actively integrates such research into on‐the‐ground management plans and activities, and that researchers studying the effects of climate change make a more robust effort to understand the practices and policies of public land management in order to effectively communicate the management significance of their findings.

中文翻译：

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气候变化对美国西部山区土地管理局土地管理局的多种用途管理的影响

尽管自然资源管理者关注气候变化，但许多人无法将气候变化科学充分地纳入其适应战略或管理计划中，也并不总是了解或总是采用最新的科学知识。美国最著名的自然资源管理机构之一是土地管理局（BLM），其任务是管理超过2.48亿英亩（> 100万平方公里²）用于多种用途（通常是相互冲突）的公共土地。气候变化将影响其中许多土地利用的可持续性，并可能进一步加剧它们之间的冲突。因此，我们研究的目的是确定气候变化将在多大程度上影响公共土地使用，以及BLM是否正在为这种预期效果进行管理。为此，我们首先对同行评审的文献进行了系统的综述，这些文献讨论了气候变化对美国土地管理公司在美国西部山间地区管理的多种土地利用的潜在影响，然后通过综合预测的植被变化扩展了这些结果。最后，我们对BLM资源管理计划进行了内容分析，以确定BLM管理者如何明确应对气候变化，以及这些计划是否反映了科学文献所预测的变化。我们发现，积极使用资源通常会威胁BLM土地上的内在价值，例如保护和生态系统服务，并且气候变化有望以多种方式加剧这些威胁。此外，我们对植被建模的综合表明，由于气候变化，植被发生了重大变化。但是，BLM计划很少明确提及气候变化，并且没有反映文献综述或植被模型综合的结果。我们的结果表明，BLM土地的管理与有关气候变化的最佳现有科学之间存在脱节。我们建议BLM将此类研究积极整合到现场管理计划和活动中，