1. Freshwater communities are threatened by the conversion of natural landscapes for urban and agricultural purposes. Changes to land use may disrupt stream nutrient and geomorphological processes and reduce water quality, increase sedimentation, and decrease habitat heterogeneity eventually leading to species loss and decreases in ecosystem productivity. Endemic species are frequently at greater risk of habitat‐mediated fragmentation and extirpation due to their constrained distributions.
2. The Kanawha darter (Etheostoma kanawhae) is an understudied fish endemic to the New River Drainage in North Carolina and Virginia, USA. To investigate the potential effect(s) of land‐use change on Kanawha darters, naïve occupancy was modelled using instream habitat characteristics and upstream forest cover.
3. Generalized linear models revealed that instream habitat and forest cover are reliable predictors of Kanawha darter site occupancy. Specifically, models demonstrated that occupancy increased in reaches with reduced stream width, velocity, and bedrock substrate but higher concentrations of coarse woody material. Kanawha darter occupancy was also positively associated with the extent of forest cover in upstream catchments.
4. Although Kanawha darters are not currently considered imperilled, most populations occurred in isolated reaches separated by large sections of unoccupied habitat. Continuing ex‐urban development in riparian zones is likely to be the primary threat to Kanawha darters and other endemic species in this catchment. Resource managers and stakeholders should preserve forest cover in headwaters and occupied tributaries and protect or restore riparian zones along the main‐stem South and North Forks of the New River to preserve high‐quality habitat and enhance connectivity among isolated Kanawha darter populations.
5. As human populations in montane regions continue to grow, there is a need to understand how land‐use change affects endemic freshwater species. This study further supports the importance of retaining forest cover as an effective strategy for protecting and restoring populations of endemic fishes in high‐gradient streams.

中文翻译：

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河内生境和上游土地利用对金毛ha飞鸟（Etheostoma kanawhae）的位居的影响：来自新河（金毛ha上游盆地）的分布较窄的物种

1. 用于城市和农业目的的自然景观的转换威胁着淡水社区。土地利用的变化可能会破坏河流的养分和地貌过程，降低水质，增加沉积，并减少栖息地异质性，最终导致物种流失和生态系统生产力下降。由于其分布受限制，特有物种经常面临生境介导的破碎和灭绝的更大风险。
2. Kanawha突进者（Etheostoma kanawhae）是美国北卡罗来纳州和弗吉尼亚州的New River排水道的特有鱼类。为了调查土地利用变化对卡纳瓦（Kanawha）突进者的潜在影响，使用上游生境特征和上游森林覆盖率对天真占用率进行了建模。
3. 广义线性模型表明，河内生境和森林覆盖率是Kanawha飞镖占地的可靠预测指标。具体而言，模型表明，随着河道宽度，速度和基岩底物的减少，河段中的占用增加，但粗木料的浓度更高。卡纳瓦哈（Kanawha）飞镖的占用也与上游流域的森林覆盖程度呈正相关。
4. 尽管目前不认为卡纳瓦哈飞镖受灾，但大多数人口发生在被大片空旷的生境隔开的偏远地区。河岸带地区的持续郊区发展可能是该流域中卡纳瓦（Kanawha）飞镖和其他特有物种的主要威胁。资源管理者和利益相关者应保留上游水源和被占领支流的森林覆盖率，并保护或恢复新河主干南叉和北叉沿岸的河岸带，以保持高质量的栖息地，并增强孤立的卡纳瓦哈飞镖种群之间的连通性。
5. 随着山区的人口继续增长，有必要了解土地利用变化如何影响当地的淡水物种。这项研究进一步支持了保持森林覆盖率作为保护和恢复高梯度河流特有鱼类种群的有效策略的重要性。