Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a newly emerged vector-borne pathogen that affects many domestic and wild animal species. A serosurvey was carried out to assess SBV exposure in zoo animals in Spain and to determine the dynamics of seropositivity in longitudinally sampled individuals. Between 2002 and 2019, sera from 278 animals belonging to 73 different species were collected from five zoos (A-E). Thirty-one of these animals were longitudinally sampled at three of these zoo parks during the study period. Seropositivity was detected in 28 (10.1%) of 278 animals analyzed by blocking ELISA. Specific anti-SBV antibodies were confirmed in 20 (7.2%; 95%CI: 4.2-10.3) animals of six different species using virus neutralization test (VNT). The multiple logistic regression model showed that “order” (Artiodactyla) and “zoo provenance” (zoo B; southern Spain) were risk factors potentially associated with SBV exposure. Two (8.7%) of the 31 longitudinally-sampled individuals showed specific antibodies against SBV at all samplings whereas seroconversion was detected in one mouflon (Ovis aries musimon) and one Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in 2016 and 2019, respectively. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first surveillance conducted on SBV in zoos in Spain. The results confirm SBV exposure in zoo animals in this country and indicate circulation of the virus before the first Schmallenberg disease outbreak was reported in Spain. Surveillance in zoological parks could be a complementary approach to monitoring SBV activity. Further studies are warranted to assess the impact of this virus on the health status of susceptible zoo animals.

Schmallenberg病毒（SBV）是一种新兴的媒介传播病原体，会影响许多家养和野生动物物种。进行了一次血清调查，以评估西班牙动物园动物的SBV暴露情况，并确定纵向取样个体中血清阳性的动态。在2002年至2019年之间，从五个动物园（AE）收集了来自73种不同物种的278只动物的血清。在研究期间，在这些动物园中的三个动物园中对其中的31只动物进行了纵向采样。通过封闭ELISA分析，在278只动物中有28只（10.1％）检测到血清阳性。使用病毒中和试验（VNT）在六种不同物种的20只（7.2％; 95％CI：4.2-10.3）动物中确认了特异性抗SBV抗体。多元逻辑回归模型显示“顺序”（Artiodactyla）和“动物园起源”（动物园B；西班牙南部）是与SBV暴露潜在相关的危险因素。在31个纵向采样的个体中，有两个（8.7％）在所有采样中均显示出针对SBV的特异性抗体，而在一头mouflon（Ovis aries musimon）和一头亚洲象（Elephas maximus）中发现了血清转化）分别于2016年和2019年发布。据作者所知，这是在西班牙动物园中对SBV进行的首次监视。结果证实了该国动物园动物的SBV暴露，并表明在西班牙首次报告Schmallenberg疾病暴发之前该病毒已经传播。在动物园进行监视可能是监测SBV活动的补充方法。有必要做进一步的研究来评估这种病毒对易感动物园动物健康状况的影响。