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Communicating macropores in PHEMA-based hydrogels for cell seeding: Probabilistic open pore simulation and direct micro-CT proof
Materials & Design ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109312
Miroslava Dušková-Smrčková , Jan Zavřel , Martin Bartoš , Zhansaya Kaberova , Elena Filová , Jana Zárubová , Miroslav Šlouf , Jiří Michálek , Tomáš Vampola , Dana Kubies

Abstract Open macroporosity is crucial for scaffolds in tissue engineering. Porogen-templating method is an attractive approach for fabrication of macroporous hydrogels, however, the effect of shape and amount of template particles on imprinted structure has not yet been quantitatively established. We present a mathematical model for simulating the formation of paths percolating through distributed cubical particles as a function of the filling volume. The model was used to select the fraction of NaCl particles as templates for preparation of hydrogels with communicating pores. Hydrogels were prepared from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) copolymerized with 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate (EOEMA), [2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MOETACl) or ionizable methacrylic acid (MANa) to modulate swelling, surface and mechanical properties of gels. Micro-CT analysis of swollen samples proved a highly-interconnected pore structure. Charged hydrogels swelled more and their apparent elastic modulus G′ was below 1 kPa. For PHEMA and P(HEMA/EOEMA) hydrogels, G′ was 5 and 80 kPa, respectively. Within two-week in vitro studies, MG63 osteoblasts proliferated fastest on P(HEMA/EOEMA) showing the lowest swelling and the highest elastic modulus, whereas cell growth was impaired on positively charged P(HEMA/MOETACl). The mathematical simulation of cubical particle packing in hydrogels and micro-CT data in swollen state provided evidence of an extensive void communication in 3D.

中文翻译:

用于细胞接种的基于 PHEMA 的水凝胶中的大孔交流:概率开孔模拟和直接微 CT 证明

摘要 开放的大孔隙对于组织工程中的支架至关重要。致孔剂模板法是制备大孔水凝胶的一种有吸引力的方法,但是,模板颗粒的形状和数量对印迹结构的影响尚未定量确定。我们提出了一个数学模型,用于模拟作为填充体积函数的通过分布的立方粒子渗透的路径的形成。该模型用于选择NaCl颗粒的分数作为制备具有连通孔的水凝胶的模板。水凝胶由甲基丙烯酸 2-羟乙酯 (HEMA) 与甲基丙烯酸 2-乙氧基乙酯 (EOEMA)、[2-甲基丙烯酰氧基) 乙基] 三甲基氯化铵 (MOETACl) 或可电离的甲基丙烯酸 (MANa) 共聚制备,以调节溶胀,凝胶的表面和机械性能。膨胀样品的显微 CT 分析证明了高度互连的孔隙结构。带电水凝胶膨胀得更多,其表观弹性模量 G' 低于 1 kPa。对于 PHEMA 和 P(HEMA/EOEMA) 水凝胶,G' 分别为 5 和 80 kPa。在为期两周的体外研究中,MG63 成骨细胞在 P(HEMA/EOEMA) 上增殖最快,显示出最低的肿胀和最高的弹性模量,而在带正电荷的 P(HEMA/MOETACl) 上细胞生长受损。水凝胶中立方粒子堆积的数学模拟和膨胀状态下的微 CT 数据提供了 3D 中广泛空隙通信的证据。对于 PHEMA 和 P(HEMA/EOEMA) 水凝胶,G' 分别为 5 和 80 kPa。在为期两周的体外研究中,MG63 成骨细胞在 P(HEMA/EOEMA) 上增殖最快,显示出最低的肿胀和最高的弹性模量,而在带正电荷的 P(HEMA/MOETACl) 上细胞生长受损。水凝胶中立方粒子堆积的数学模拟和膨胀状态下的微 CT 数据提供了 3D 中广泛空隙通信的证据。对于 PHEMA 和 P(HEMA/EOEMA) 水凝胶,G' 分别为 5 和 80 kPa。在为期两周的体外研究中,MG63 成骨细胞在 P(HEMA/EOEMA) 上增殖最快,显示出最低的肿胀和最高的弹性模量,而在带正电荷的 P(HEMA/MOETACl) 上细胞生长受损。水凝胶中立方粒子堆积的数学模拟和膨胀状态下的微 CT 数据提供了 3D 中广泛空隙通信的证据。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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