Complete submergence (Sub) imposes detrimental effects on growth and survival of crop plants, including rice. Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of reduced glutathione (GSH) in mitigating Sub-induced adverse effects in two high-yielding rice cultivars BRRI dhan29 and dhan52. Both cultivars experienced growth defects, severe yellowing, necrosis and chlorosis, when they were completely immersed in water for 14 days. The poor growth performance of these cultivars was linked to biomass reduction, decreased levels of photosynthetic pigments and proline, increased levels of H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde, and declined activities of enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase. Pretreatment with exogenous GSH led to significant growth restoration in both cultivars exposed to Sub. The elevated Sub-tolerance promoted by GSH could partly be attributed to increased levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble proteins and proline. Exogenous GSH also mitigated Sub-induced oxidative damage, as evidenced from reduced levels of H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde in accordance with the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes. Results revealed that dhan52 was more tolerant to Sub-stress than dhan29, and GSH successfully rescued both cultivars from the damage of Sub-stress. Collectively, our findings provided an insight into the GSH-mediated active recovery of rice from Sub-stress, thereby suggesting that external supply of GSH may be an effective strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of Sub in rice.

完全淹没（Sub）对包括水稻在内的农作物的生长和存活造成不利影响。在这里，我们研究了还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 在减轻两种高产水稻品种 BRRI dhan29 和 dhan52 中亚诱导的不利影响方面的有益作用。两个品种在完全浸入水中14天后均出现生长缺陷、严重黄变、坏死和萎黄。这些品种的生长性能差与生物量减少、光合色素和脯氨酸水平降低、H ₂ O ₂和丙二醛水平升高以及酶抗氧化剂如超氧化物歧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性下降有关和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶。用外源 GSH 预处理导致暴露于 Sub 的两个品种的生长显着恢复。GSH 促进的亚耐受性升高部分归因于叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸水平的增加。外源性谷胱甘肽也减轻了亚诱导的氧化损伤，这从降低的 H ₂ O _{2水平可以看出}和丙二醛根据抗氧化酶的活性增加。结果表明，dhan52对亚胁迫的耐受性高于dhan29，GSH成功地将两个品种从亚胁迫中解救出来。总的来说，我们的研究结果提供了对 GSH 介导的水稻从 Sub-stress 中的主动恢复的见解，从而表明 GSH 的外部供应可能是减轻 Sub 在水稻中的不利影响的有效策略。